{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:28:52Z","timestamp":1774960132433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL research institute","award":["TRANSVAL 18\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRANSVAL 18\/01"]}]},{"name":"Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL research institute","award":["NEXTVAL 18\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEXTVAL 18\/09"]}]},{"name":"Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL research institute","award":["MTVAL 18\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTVAL 18\/01"]}]},{"name":"Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL research institute","award":["RD21\/0005\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0005\/0010"]}]},{"name":"RICORS2040","award":["TRANSVAL 18\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRANSVAL 18\/01"]}]},{"name":"RICORS2040","award":["NEXTVAL 18\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEXTVAL 18\/09"]}]},{"name":"RICORS2040","award":["MTVAL 18\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTVAL 18\/01"]}]},{"name":"RICORS2040","award":["RD21\/0005\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0005\/0010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the main cause of morbidity and mortality is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography (CT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are used to identify patients at increased risk for ischemic heart disease, thereby indicating a higher cardiovascular risk profile. Our study aimed to investigate the utility of these techniques in the CKD population. In patients with CKD, OCT was used to measure the choroidal thickness (CHT) and the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). A total of 127 patients were included, including 70 men (55%) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 39 \u00b1 30 mL\/min\/1.73 m2. Lower pRNFL thickness was found to be related to high-sensitivity troponin I (r = \u22120.362, p &lt; 0.001) and total coronary calcification (r = \u22120.194, p = 0.032). In a multivariate analysis, pRNFL measurements remained associated with age (\u03b2 = \u22120.189; \u22120.739\u2013\u22120.027; p = 0.035) and high-sensitivity troponin I (\u03b2 = \u22120.301; \u22120.259\u2013\u22120.071; p &lt; 0.001). Severe coronary calcification (Agatston score \u2265 400 HU) was related to a worse eGFR (p = 0.008), a higher grade of CKD (p = 0.036), and a thinner pRNFL (p = 0.011). The ROC curve confirmed that the pRNFL measurement could determine the patients with an Agatston score of \u2265400 HU (AUC 0.638; 95% CI 0.525\u20130.750; p = 0.015). Our study concludes that measurement of pRNFL thickness using OCT is related to the markers associated with ischemic heart disease, such as coronary calcification and high-sensitivity troponin I, in the CKD population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14040533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T09:53:52Z","timestamp":1713779632000},"page":"533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Looking into the Eyes to See the Heart of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8387-1607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kislikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Javier","family":"Gait\u00e1n-Valdiz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Parra Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda Unzueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Vidriales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Escagedo Cagigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente Celestino","family":"Pi\u00f1era Haces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de la Oliva","family":"Valent\u00edn Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adalberto","family":"Benito Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7904-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Ruiz San Millan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2845-5272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Rodrigo Calabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Nephrology Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital\u2014IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, N.R., Fatoba, S.T., Oke, J.L., Hirst, J.A., O\u2019Callaghan, C.A., Lasserson, D.S., and Hobbs, F.D.R. 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