{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:44:06Z","timestamp":1791225846530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases. At the same time, they are less likely to respond to vaccinations, and might have a higher rate of vaccine adverse event and faster waning of protective effect. International and national guidelines emphasize the importance of vaccinating people living with HIV against respiratory system disease pathogens including seasonal influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and COVID-19, as well as against sexually transmitted infections, i.e., Hepatitis A and B (HAV, HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the current knowledge regarding the immune and clinical responses elicited by vaccinations in the older adult population living with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14050540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T03:56:31Z","timestamp":1713930991000},"page":"540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunological and Clinical Responses to Vaccinations among Adults Living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Bie\u0144kowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Adults\u2019 Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1060-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"\u017bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Fijo\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Adults\u2019 Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7495-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyna","family":"Cholewik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Group at the Department of Adults\u2019 Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4425-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Group at the Department of Adults\u2019 Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6367-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Skrzat-Klapaczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Adults\u2019 Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1166-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna D.","family":"Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Adults\u2019 Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01887-8","article-title":"Non-HIV-related comorbidities and uncontrolled HIV replication are independent factors increasing the odds of hospitalization due to COVID-19 among HIV-positive patients in Poland","volume":"51","author":"Kowalska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skrzat-Klapaczy\u0144ska, A., Paciorek, M., Horban, A., and Kowalska, J.D. 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