{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:08:15Z","timestamp":1788055695332,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010038","name":"Earmarked Fund for the China Agriculture Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fund for Aquatic Drug Safety Evaluation of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hunan Province","award":["CARS-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Niclosamide (NIC) is a potent salicylanilide molluscicide\/helminthicide commonly utilized for parasite and mollusc control in aquatic environments. Due to its persistent presence in water bodies, there is growing concern regarding its impact on aquatic organisms, yet this remains inadequately elucidated. Consequently, this study aims to assess the hepatotoxic effects and detoxification capacity of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in a semi-static system, employing various parameters for analysis. NIC was applied to juvenile black carp at three different concentrations (0, 10 and 50 \u03bcg\/L) for 28 days in an environmentally realistic manner. Exposure to 50 \u03bcg\/L NIC resulted in an increase in hepatic lysozyme (LYZ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and complement 4 (C4) levels while simultaneously causing a decrease in peroxidase (POD) activity. Additionally, NIC exposure exhibited a dose-dependent effect on elevating serum levels of LYZ, ALP, complement 3 (C3), C4, and immunoglobulin T (IgT). Notably, the mRNA levels of immune-related genes tnf\u03b1, il8, and il6, as well as nramp and leap2, were upregulated in fish exposed to NIC. RNA-Seq analysis identified 219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M. piceus after NIC exposure, with 94 upregulated and 125 downregulated genes. KEGG and GO analyses showed enrichment in drug metabolism pathways and activities related to oxidoreductase, lip oprotein particles, and cholesterol transport at 50 \u03bcg\/L NIC. Additionally, numerous genes associated with lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and innate immunity were upregulated in NIC-exposed M. piceus. Taken together, these findings indicate that NIC has the potential to cause hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity in M. piceus. This research offers important insights for further understanding the impact of molluscicide\/helminthicide aquatic toxicity in ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14050544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1714119507000},"page":"544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Investigating Immunotoxicity in Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Fingerlings Exposed to Niclosamide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9463-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiping","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0551-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2304-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonggui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2021.106006","article-title":"Reversible disruptions to energy supply and acid-base balance in larval sea lamprey exposed to the pesticide: Niclosamide (2\u2032,5-dichloro-4\u2032-nitrosalicylanilide)","volume":"242","author":"Ionescu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquat. 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