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Over the past few years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has changed from it being a lipid-centric to an inflammation-centric process. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, the two most common systemic connective tissue diseases, and consider them as emblematic models of the effect of chronic inflammation on the human body. We explore the roles of the inflammasome, cells of the innate and acquired immune system, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, chemokines and soluble pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and the roles of certain autoantigens and autoantibodies, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein, which may play a pathogenetic role in atherosclerosis progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14060716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T10:08:38Z","timestamp":1717409318000},"page":"716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Crosstalk between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is There a Common Basis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marta Chiara","family":"Sircana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6818-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Luca","family":"Erre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floriana","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7376-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Manetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7204","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208","article-title":"Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-Associated Diseases in Organs","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi5200","article-title":"The Spectrum of Inflammatory Responses","volume":"374","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00198-1","article-title":"Targeting Inflammation in Atherosclerosis\u2014From Experimental Insights to the Clinic","volume":"20","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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