{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T04:37:31Z","timestamp":1783312651179,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients highlights the influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes on their development. This study aims to determine genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases in T1DM patients, including thyroid disease and celiac diseases, and explore its correlation with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving thirty-six T1DM children was conducted. Typing was performed for the HLA A, B, C, DP, DR, and DQ loci. Regression analysis linked DR-DQ haplotypes to T1DM and the associated conditions. Results: The most frequent predisposing alleles and haplotypes were HLA-DR3 (70.27%), DQ2 (70.27%), DR3-DQ2 (70.27%), DQB1*02:01 (70.27%), A02 (54.05%), whereas the most prevalent protecting allele was DPB1*04:01 (52.63%). Positive correlations were observed between positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and the absence of protective alleles (DPB1*04:02, p = 0.036; DPB1*04:01, p = 0.002). Associations were found between the absence of DPB1*04:01 and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (p = 0.03). HLA allele DPB1*03:01 was linked with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.021). Positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies correlated with C03:03 (p = 0.026) and DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:01 (p &lt; 0.0001) and the lack of DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03-DRB1*13:01 (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: The predisposing T1DM haplotypes were associated with the presence of anti-transglutaminase and anti-thyroid antibodies, indicating a genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14060781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T05:33:28Z","timestamp":1718948008000},"page":"781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of HLA Haplotypes with Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Romanian Diabetic Children: A Pilot, Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1549-3170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia Ioana","family":"Arhire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Faculty, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Ioacara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Faculty, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Papuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miruna S\u00e2nziana","family":"Chiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina Monica","family":"Dutescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, \u201cC.T. Nicolau\u201d National Institute of Blood Transfusion, 011154 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9993-1436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Moise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, \u201cC.T. Nicolau\u201d National Institute of Blood Transfusion, 011154 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Roxana","family":"Badea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, \u201cC.T. Nicolau\u201d National Institute of Blood Transfusion, 011154 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Florea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2282-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina","family":"Vlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Faculty, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Fica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Faculty, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01997-4","article-title":"HLA associations in type 1 diabetes: Merging genetics and immunology","volume":"22","author":"Undlien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.5456","article-title":"Time Trends, Regional Variability and Seasonality Regarding the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Romanian Children Aged 0\u201314 Years, Between 1996 and 2015","volume":"10","author":"Vlad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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