{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:30:04Z","timestamp":1788971404021,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using virtual reality (VR) for Muscular Dystrophy (MD) rehabilitation promises to be a novel therapeutic approach, potentially enhancing motor learning, functional outcomes, and overall quality of life. This systematic review primarily aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding regarding the application of VR in supporting MD rehabilitation. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies involving individuals diagnosed with MD who underwent VR interventions, with a primary focus on assessing functional improvement. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Seven studies, involving 440 individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), were included in the review. Among these studies, six primarily explored the motor learning potential of VR, while one study investigated the impact of VR training on functional abilities. In conclusion, the qualitative synthesis supports VR-based interventions\u2019 potential positive effects on motor learning, performance improvement, and functional outcomes in individuals with DMD. However, current usage mainly focuses on assessing the potential mechanisms\u2019 benefits, suggesting the importance of expanding clinical adoption to harness their therapeutic potential for MD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14070790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T10:41:12Z","timestamp":1719225672000},"page":"790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Systematic Review on the Application of Virtual Reality for Muscular Dystrophy Rehabilitation: Motor Learning Benefits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Kiper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4891-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5191-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Szczepa\u0144ska-Gieracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patryk","family":"Szary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0264-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Wrzeciono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8983-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Mazurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Rehabilitation Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Luque-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of the University of Rzesz\u00f3w, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Spagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7351-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Barresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7275-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"Cie\u015blik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2018.01.004","article-title":"Muscular Dystrophies","volume":"39","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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