{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:16:36Z","timestamp":1785208596805,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of Qinghai Province-Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding (1_5)","award":["32060423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32060423"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32060423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32060423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hulless barley is a cold-resistant crop widely planted in the northwest plateau of China. It is also the main food crop in this region. Phosphorus (P), as one of the important essential nutrient elements, regulates plant growth and defense. This study aimed to analyze the development and related molecular mechanisms of hulless barley under P deficiency and explore the regulatory genes so as to provide a basis for subsequent molecular breeding research. Transcriptome analysis was performed on the root and leaf samples of hulless barley cultured with different concentrations of KH2PO4 (1 mM and 10 \u03bcM) Hoagland solution. A total of 46,439 genes were finally obtained by the combined analysis of leaf and root samples. Among them, 325 and 453 genes had more than twofold differences in expression. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly participated in the abiotic stress biosynthetic process through Gene Ontology prediction. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that DEGs were mainly involved in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, glycolysis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and synthesis of metabolites. These pathways also appeared in other abiotic stresses. Plants initiated multiple hormone synergistic regulatory mechanisms to maintain growth under P-deficient conditions. Transcription factors (TFs) also proved these predictions. The enrichment of ARR-B TFs, which positively regulated the phosphorelay-mediated cytokinin signal transduction, and some other TFs (AP2, GRAS, and ARF) was related to plant hormone regulation. Some DEGs showed different values in their FPKM (fragment per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads), but the expression trends of genes responding to stress and phosphorylation remained highly consistent. Therefore, in the case of P deficiency, the first response of plants was the expression of stress-related genes. The effects of this stress on plant metabolites need to be further studied to improve the relevant regulatory mechanisms so as to further understand the importance of P in the development and stress resistance of hulless barley.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14070904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T14:26:50Z","timestamp":1721744810000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Hulless Barley Transcriptomes to Regulatory Effects of Phosphorous Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Likun","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2337-0103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixiong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7609-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youhua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunlun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, N., Zheng, B., Li, T., and Liu, R.H. 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