{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:55:34Z","timestamp":1784051734822,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) represents a medical provocation for allergists and otorhinolaryngologists. LAR is considered to be a subtype of allergic rhinitis (AR) that affects a great percentage of patients who were, for decades, diagnosed as having chronic non-allergic rhinitis. The clinical picture is represented by rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching correlated with specific pollen season or dust, mold, or pet interior exposure. Usual assessment of AR (skin prick testing and serum IgE assessment) produces negative results. Specialized centers in allergology and ENT around the globe use a nasal allergen challenge, assessment of local IgE, basophil activation test (BAT), and nasal cytology in the diagnostic approach to the disease, taking into account their current limitations. The impact of LAR on quality-of-life indicators is the same as in AR. Treatment for LAR is similar to that for AR and is the same as for AR: allergen exposure avoidance, drug therapy, and allergen immunotherapy. This scoping review gathers the current up-to-date open access evidence available on PubMed on the subject of LAR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14080965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T15:26:53Z","timestamp":1722526013000},"page":"965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Local Allergic Rhinitis\u2014A Challenge for Allergology and Otorhinolaryngology Cooperation (Scoping Review)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Berghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-2510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romica","family":"Cergan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Musat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crenguta","family":"Serboiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology and Molecular Biology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2347-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Vrinceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortada, M.M., and Kurowski, M. 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