{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T21:59:22Z","timestamp":1775685562817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-1123803B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1123803B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-NCHU1137634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-NCHU1137634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Chung Hsing University","award":["TCVGH-1123803B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1123803B"]}]},{"name":"National Chung Hsing University","award":["TCVGH-NCHU1137634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-NCHU1137634"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) is often concomitant with fibromyalgia (FM). Salivary gland sonography aids in the diagnosis of pSS. We aimed to discover, in primary FM patients, the presence of pSS in undiagnosed patients through salivary gland sonography. We prospectively recruited 42 primary FM patients. FM symptoms were evaluated based on the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR). Salivary gland sonography was performed. Patients with positive findings underwent salivary gland biopsy. Comparisons were undertaken using the Mann\u2013Whitney U tests and Chi-squared test. In primary FM patients, the prevalence of dry eye was 83%, and dry mouth was 90%. The salivary gland sonographic score did not differ between patients with and without dry eye\/mouth. One patient with a positive finding at salivary gland sonography had a positive result of salivary gland biopsy. In the other four patients who received salivary gland biopsy, despite negative findings in salivary gland sonography, only one had a positive result of salivary gland biopsy. To be noted, scores evaluated by salivary gland sonography were negatively associated with levels of pain (rho = \u22120.360, p= 0.023) and levels of sleep quality (rho = \u22120.447, p = 0.004). Our pilot study demonstrated the potential of salivary gland biopsy in detecting undiagnosed pSS in primary FM patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14081043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T03:07:38Z","timestamp":1724296058000},"page":"1043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Salivary Gland Sonography in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ching-Tsai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo-Tung","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g1224","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1224","article-title":"Fibromyalgia","volume":"348","author":"Rahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1252","article-title":"Comorbid fibromyalgia: A qualitative review of prevalence and importance","volume":"22","author":"Fitzcharles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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