{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:42:21Z","timestamp":1791232941936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>According to the DSM-5, neurodevelopmental disorders represent a group of heterogeneous conditions, with onset during the developmental period, characterized by an alteration of communication and social skills, learning, adaptive behavior, executive functions, and psychomotor skills. These deficits determine an impairment of personal, social, scholastic, or occupational functioning. Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by an increased incidence and a multifactorial etiology, including genetic and environmental components. Data largely explain the role of genetic and environmental factors, also through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and miRNA. Despite genetic factors, nutritional factors also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of these disorders, both in the prenatal and postnatal period, underscoring that the control of modifiable factors could decrease the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. The preventive role of nutrition is widely studied as regards many chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, but actually we also know the effects of nutrition on embryonic brain development and the influence of prenatal and preconceptional nutrition in predisposition to various pathologies. These factors are not limited only to a correct caloric intake and a good BMI, but rather to an adequate and balanced intake of macro and micronutrients, the type of diet, and other elements such as exposure to heavy metals. This review represents an analysis of the literature as regards the physiopathological mechanisms by which food influences our state of health, especially in the age of development (from birth to adolescence), through prenatal and preconceptional changes, underlying how controlling these nutritional factors should improve mothers\u2019 nutritional state to significantly reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. We searched key words such as \u201cmaternal nutrition and neurodevelopmental disorders\u201d on Pubmed and Google Scholar, selecting the main reviews and excluding individual cases. Therefore, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics teach us the importance of personalized nutrition for good health. So future perspectives may include well-established reference values in order to determine the correct nutritional intake of mothers through food and integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14091084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T08:01:47Z","timestamp":1724918507000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Prenatal Nutritional Factors and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Cernigliaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2668-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1041-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Nardello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5271-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Lo Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1244-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edvige","family":"Correnti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP\u2014ARNAS Civico\u2013Di Cristina Benfratelli, Di Cristina Pediatric Hospital, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC NPIA\u2014ASP Palermo, 90142 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Pitino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP\u2014ARNAS Civico\u2013Di Cristina Benfratelli, Di Cristina Pediatric Hospital, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Valdese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP\u2014ARNAS Civico\u2013Di Cristina Benfratelli, Di Cristina Pediatric Hospital, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I.Nu.C\u2014International Academy of Clinical Nutrition, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6149-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Raieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP\u2014ARNAS Civico\u2013Di Cristina Benfratelli, Di Cristina Pediatric Hospital, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0813-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Department, ISMEP\u2014ARNAS Civico\u2013Di Cristina Benfratelli, Di Cristina Pediatric Hospital, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franzago, M., Santurbano, D., Vitacolonna, E., and Stuppia, L. 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