{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:04:50Z","timestamp":1783544690649,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic brought into prominence several emergent medical and surgical entities, but, also, it served as trigger and contributor for numerous apparently unrelated ailments such as arterial and venous thromboembolic complications. Additional risk factors for these thrombotic traits may be concurrent (known or unknown) malignancies, including at hepatic level. Among these, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a rare cancer of intra- and extra-hepatic biliary ducts, represents a very aggressive condition that typically associates local and distant advanced stages on first presentation requiring a prompt diagnosis and a stratified management. This neoplasia has been reported to present a large spectrum of paraneoplastic syndromes in terms of dermatologic, renal, systemic, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular settings, that, overall, are exceptional in their epidemiologic impact when compared to other cancers. Our aim was to introduce a most unusual case of CCA-associated distant thrombosis in a male adult who initially was considered to experience COVID-19-related thrombotic features while having a history of obesity and bariatric surgery. This is a hybrid type of paper: this clinical vignette is accompanied by two distinct sample-focused analyses as a basis for discussion; they each had different methods depending on their current level of statistical evidence. We only included English-published articles in PubMed, as follows: Firstly, we conducted a search of reports similar to the present case, regarding distant vein thrombosis in CCA, from inception until the present time. We performed a literature search using the keywords \u201ccholangiocarcinoma\u201d, \u201cthrombosis\u201d, and \u201cTrousseau\u2019s syndrome\u201d and identified 20 cases across 19 original papers; hence, the current level of evidence remains very low Secondly, we searched for the highest level of statistical evidence concerning the diagnosis of venous thrombosis\/thromboembolism in patients who underwent COVID-19 infection (key search terms were \u201cCOVID-19\u201d, alternatively, \u201ccoronavirus\u201d, and \u201cSARS-CoV-2\u201d, and \u201cthrombosis\u201d, alternatively, \u201cthromboembolism\u201d) and included the most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses that were published in 2024 (from 1 January 2024 until 8 July 2024). After excluding data on vaccination against coronavirus or long COVID-19 syndrome, we identified six such articles. To conclude, we presented a probably unique case of malignancy with an initial manifestation consisting of recurrent superficial vein thrombosis under anticoagulation therapy, with no gastrointestinal manifestations, in a patient with a notable history for multiple episodes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a prior endocrine (gastric) surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a CCA under these specific circumstances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14091095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T10:54:11Z","timestamp":1725015251000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Superficial Vein Thrombosis in an Asymptomatic Case of Cholangiocarcinoma with Recent History of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4402-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai-Lucian","family":"Ciobica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca-Andreea","family":"Sandulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"PhD Doctoral School of \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai Alexandru","family":"Sotcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian-Marius-Florin","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian-George","family":"Eftimie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy and Biomechanics, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezar-Ionut","family":"Calin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Iordache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Internal Medicine Department, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragos","family":"Cuzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiology and Medical Imaging II, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Haematology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8585-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Carsote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2274-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiu","family":"Nistor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 4\u2014Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Department, \u201cDr. Carol Davila\u201d Central Emergency University Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Radu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106215","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Kaboth","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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