{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:46:02Z","timestamp":1791402362091,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Tuebingen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Large bone defects of the distal radius and\/or carpus following tumor resection, trauma, or infection are extremely rare. There are few case reports and series in the literature on the reconstruction approaches required in such cases. Therefore, large studies cannot be used to guide the therapeutic decisions of reconstructive plastic and hand surgeons. The objective of this study is to propose a treatment algorithm to predict the functional outcome and quality of life for the different techniques of free vascularized bone reconstruction in the interval between the distal radius, the carpus, and\/or the proximal metacarpal. The algorithm was developed based on our own case studies and the few treatment approaches described in the literature. It can be applied to rare cases of massive bone defects in the wrist. The flowchart enables surgeons to develop an individualized reconstruction concept for various intervals of bone defects in the area of the distal radius and proximal metacarpal bones. Ultimately, the treatment algorithm aims to maximize future quality of life (QoL) and function of the distal upper extremity in rare cases of massive wrist-bone defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14091099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T03:45:21Z","timestamp":1725248721000},"page":"1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Treatment Algorithm for Free Vascularized Bone Reconstruction in Rare Large Osseous Defects Involving the Wrist"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0261-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes Tobias","family":"Thiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Bamberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Daigeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-2311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4196-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudius","family":"Illg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Kolbenschlag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249608","article-title":"[Free microvascular fibula graft for skeletal reconstruction of the distal radius: 5 years follow-up after en-bloc resection of a giant cell tumour]","volume":"42","author":"Franz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Handchir. 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