{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:31:20Z","timestamp":1787754680346,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is a widespread ophthalmological disease, with a high impact and frequent visual morbidity. While the physiopathology of the two types of primary glaucoma (open angle and angle closure) has been studied, there seems to be little relationship between the two. In this study, we gather clinical and preclinical data to support the idea that the two primary glaucomas are \u201cmirrored\u201d in terms of morphological parameters and disease physiopathology. In short, primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is associated with hyperopia and low axial length, and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is associated with myopia and high axial length. Moreover, in PACG and in primary angle closure or primary angle closure suspect cases, while there is extensive iridotrabecular contact, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is still maintained in the lower half of the normal range throughout the evolution of the disease, which suggests a baseline trabecular hyperfiltration in PACG. In the opposite case, myopic eyes with open angles and a higher risk of developing POAG often have a baseline IOP in the upper half of the normal range, suggesting a baseline trabecular hypofiltration. As we explore clinical, genetic and animal model data regarding these opposing aspects, we hypothesize the existence of a mirroring relationship between PACG and POAG. Defining the relationship between the two potentially blinding diseases, with a high prevalence worldwide, may aid in understanding the mechanisms better and refining diagnosis and treatment. Thus, our theory has been named the Mirror Theory of Primary Glaucomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14091154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T05:03:04Z","timestamp":1726117384000},"page":"1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Mirror Theory: Parallels between Open Angle and Angle Closure Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2049-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile","family":"Potop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana Diana Maria","family":"Dragosloveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Mihaela","family":"Cioc\u00e2lteu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miruna Gabriela","family":"Burcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brasov County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 500326 Brasov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline Physiology III, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana Margareta Cornelia","family":"D\u0103sc\u0103lescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e053805","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053805","article-title":"Time Trends, Associations and Prevalence of Blindness and Vision Loss due to Glaucoma: An Analysis of Observational Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Glaucoma and Projections of Glaucoma Burden through 2040: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147983","article-title":"Beyond the Optic Nerve: Genetics, Diagnosis, and Promising Therapies for Glaucoma","volume":"894","author":"Kaushik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Azuara-Blanco, A. 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