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The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain. The field of research on the gut\u2013brain axis has grown significantly during the past two decades. Signalling occurs between the gut microbiota and the brain through the neural, endocrine, immune, and humoral pathways. A substantial body of evidence indicates that the MGBA plays a pivotal role in various neurological diseases. These include Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), non-Alzheimer\u2019s neurodegeneration and dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson\u2013Konovalov disease (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington\u2019s chorea (HC), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), depression, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, the bidirectional correlation between therapeutics and the gut\u2013brain axis will be discussed. Conversely, the mood of delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, and neurologic drugs can influence the MGBA. By understanding the MGBA, it may be possible to facilitate research into microbial-based interventions and therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14101234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1727408653000},"page":"1234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Nakhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. 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Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4077-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afra","family":"Almehairbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikha","family":"Al Houqani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamsa","family":"BaniYas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. 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Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1628-8876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safa","family":"Shehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7713-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yauhen","family":"Statsenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Neuroscience Platform, ASPIRE Precision Medicine Institute in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. 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