{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:23:11Z","timestamp":1787005391504,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":202,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","award":["KFU241915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU241915"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression is a common mental illness that affects 5% of the adult population globally. The most common symptoms of depression are low mood, lack of pleasure from different activities, poor concentration, and reduced energy levels for an extended period, and it affects the emotions, behaviors, and overall well-being of an individual. The complex pathophysiology of depression presents challenges for current therapeutic options involving a biopsychosocial treatment plan. These treatments may have a delayed onset, low remission and response rates, and undesirable side effects. Researchers in nutrition and food science are increasingly addressing depression, which is a significant public health concern due to the association of depression with the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. Polyphenols present in our diet may significantly impact the prevention and treatment of depression. The primary mechanisms include reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, regulating monoamine neurotransmitter levels, and modulating the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of dietary polyphenols on depression and explores the underlying mechanisms of these effects for the benefit of human health. It also highlights studies that are looking at clinical trials to help future researchers incorporate these substances into functional diets, nutritional supplements, or adjunctive therapy to prevent and treat depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14101342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T06:35:00Z","timestamp":1729492500000},"page":"1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Potential Role of Polyphenol Supplementation in Preventing and Managing Depression: A Review of Current Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1519-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Farhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Michael\u2019s Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, T12WE28 Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Tosn\u00fa Mental Health Centre, West Village, Ballincollig, P31N400 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, X., Tong, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, C., Zhang, C., and Wan, B. (2023). Modifiable risk factors of major depressive disorder: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289419"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, S., Corbi, G., Maes, M., Scapagnini, G., and Davinelli, S. (2021). Exploring the Impact of Flavonoids on Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111644"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10174","article-title":"Dysthymia and chronic depression: Introduction, classification, risk factors, and course","volume":"59","author":"Klein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17324","article-title":"Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"316","author":"Rotenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044106","article-title":"Environmental Exposures and Depression: Biological Mechanisms and Epidemiological Evidence","volume":"40","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"German-Ponciano, L.J., Rosas-S\u00e1nchez, G.U., Cueto-Escobedo, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Demeneghi, R., Guill\u00e9n-Ruiz, G., Soria-Fregozo, C., Herrera-Huerta, E.V., and Rodr\u00edguez-Landa, J.F. (2022). Participation of the Serotonergic System and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Antidepressant-like Effect of Flavonoids. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810896"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102006","article-title":"Addressing the mental health impact of COVID-19 through population health","volume":"85","author":"Boden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.075","article-title":"Mortality risk associated with psychological distress and major depression: A population-based cohort study","volume":"234","author":"Chiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2021.1887823","article-title":"Depression in disabling medical conditions\u2013current perspectives","volume":"33","author":"Senra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"555636","article-title":"So, antidepressant drugs have serious adverse effects, but what are the alternatives","volume":"4","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nov. Approach. Drug Des. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.05.001","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in depression","volume":"25","author":"Bhatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, T., Zhong, S., Liao, X., Chen, J., He, T., Lai, S., and Jia, Y. (2015). A Meta-Analysis of Oxidative Stress Markers in Depression. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138904"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Cipriani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04379","article-title":"The effects of sunlight exposure therapy on the improvement of depression and quality of life in post-stroke patients: A RCT study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13385","article-title":"Exercise, brain plasticity, and depression","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, Y., Gong, Q., Huang, C., Guo, F., Li, W., Wang, Y., and Cheng, X. (2021). The relationship between sunlight exposure duration and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study on elderly Chinese women. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254856"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9932218","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9932218","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of resveratrol on aging and age-related diseases","volume":"2021","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.006","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying health benefits of tea compounds","volume":"172","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pannu, A., Sharma, P.C., Thakur, V.K., and Goyal, R.K. (2021). Emerging Role of Flavonoids as the Treatment of Depression. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121825"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, K., Li, Y., Toit, E.D., Wendt, L., and Sun, J. (2021). Effects of Polyphenol Supplementations on Improving Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Patients with Depression. Front. Psychiatry, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.765485"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.05.026","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects and mechanisms of flavonoids and related analogues","volume":"121","author":"Guan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"2963565","article-title":"Advances in the preclinical study of some flavonoids as potential antidepressant agents","volume":"2018","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhan, M., Rizvi, A., Aatif, M., Muteeb, G., Khan, K., and Siddiqui, F.A. (2024). Dietary Polyphenols, Plant Metabolites, and Allergic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060670"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"127535","article-title":"Polyphenols and their applications: An approach in food chemistry and innovation potential","volume":"338","author":"Pastore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubey, R.K., Shukla, S., Shukla, V., and Singh, S. (2023). Sea buckthorn: A Potential Dietary supplement with multifaceted therapeutic activities. Intell. Pharm., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipha.2023.12.003"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Oliver, M., and Ponce-Alquicira, E. (2018). Fruits: A Source of Polyphenols and Health Benefits, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811518-3.00007-7"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Biological activities of flavonoids: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Karak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.03.030","article-title":"Food flavonols: Nutraceuticals with complex health benefits and functionalities","volume":"117","author":"Barreca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bel\u0161\u010dak-Cvitanovi\u0107, A., Durgo, K., Hudek, A., Ba\u010dun-Dru\u017eina, V., and Komes, D. (2018). Overview of polyphenols and their properties. Polyphenols: Properties, Recovery, and Applications, Woodhead Publishing.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813572-3.00001-4"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u0119bi\u0144ska, A., and Soza\u0144ska, B. (2023). Dietary Polyphenols\u2014Natural Bioactive Compounds with Potential for Preventing and Treating Some Allergic Conditions. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224823"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana, A., Samtiya, M., Dhewa, T., Mishra, V., and Aluko, R.E. (2022). Health benefits of polyphenols: A concise review. J. Food Biochem., 46.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14264"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eseberri, I., Trepiana, J., L\u00e9niz, A., G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda, I., Carr-Ugarte, H., Gonz\u00e1lez, M., and Portillo, M.P. (2022). Variability in the Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds: A Review. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091925"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hibi, M. (2023). Potential of Polyphenols for Improving Sleep: A Preliminary Results from Review of Human Clinical Trials and Mechanistic Insights. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051257"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.09.039","article-title":"What is responsible for antioxidant properties of polyphenolic compounds from plants?","volume":"144","author":"Olszowy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melini, V., Melini, F., Luziatelli, F., and Ruzzi, M. (2020). Functional ingredients from agri-food waste: Effect of inclusion thereof on phenolic compound content and bioaccessibility in bakery products. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121216"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pino, C., Sepulveda, B., Tapia, F., Saavedra, J., Garcia-Gonzalez, D.L., and Romero, N. (2022). The impact of mild frost occurring at different harvesting times on the volatile and phenolic composition of virgin olive oil. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050852"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.230S","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies","volume":"81","author":"Manach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01997E","article-title":"The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health","volume":"10","author":"Fraga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.19-0133","article-title":"Natural Polyphenols: Chemical Classification, Definition of Classes, Subcategories, and Structures","volume":"102","author":"Singla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2012.698219","article-title":"Flavonoid basics: Chemistry, sources, mechanisms of action, and safety","volume":"31","author":"Corcoran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1039\/c2fo10288a","article-title":"Effects of tea and coffee on cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"3","author":"Bohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4581","article-title":"Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: Structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases","volume":"18","author":"Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2010.09.007","article-title":"Bioavailability of dietary flavonoids and phenolic compounds","volume":"31","author":"Crozier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.1021\/jf902107d","article-title":"Interaction between phenolics and gut microbiota: Role in human health","volume":"57","author":"Selma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1444467","article-title":"Flavonoid metabolism: The interaction of metabolites and gut microbiota","volume":"82","author":"Murota","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioSci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-022510-133725","article-title":"Influence of formulation and processing on absorption and metabolism of flavan-3-ols from tea and cocoa","volume":"2","author":"Neilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17071","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b04329","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds of Mediterranean Cooked Tomato Sauce (Sofrito) Modulate Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cell Growth through Oxidative Stress\/Arachidonic Acid Cascade Regulation","volume":"5","author":"Storniolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.5.9498","article-title":"Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease","volume":"2","author":"Pandey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2005.8.281","article-title":"Flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and human health: Epidemiological evidence","volume":"8","author":"Graf","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.317S","article-title":"Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies","volume":"81","author":"Arts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540701230529","article-title":"Plant polyphenols: How to translate their in vitro antioxidant actions to in vivo conditions","volume":"59","author":"Fraga","year":"2007","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.002","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids: Role of (-)-epicatechin and related procyanidins in cell signaling","volume":"51","author":"Fraga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.04.005","article-title":"Antioxidant actions of flavonoids: Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis","volume":"501","author":"Galleano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.12.022","article-title":"New insights into the mechanisms of polyphenols beyond antioxidant properties; lessons from the green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin 3-gallate","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2018.01.007","article-title":"Plant bioactives and redox signaling: (-)-Epicatechin as a paradigm","volume":"61","author":"Fraga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.532","article-title":"Phlorizin: A review","volume":"21","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesan, K., and Xu, B. (2017). A critical review on polyphenols and health benefits of black soybeans. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050455"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, S., Xu, S., Fang, J., and Jiang, H. (2020). The protective effect of polyphenols for colorectal cancer. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01407"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Compaore, M., Bakasso, S., Meda, R.N.T., and Nacoulma, O.G. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fractions from Bidens engleri O.E. Schulz (Asteraceae) and Boerhavia erecta L. (Nyctaginaceae). Medicines, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines5020053"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarragon, E., and Moreno, J.J. (2020). Polyphenols and taste 2 receptors. Physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological implications. Biochem. Pharmacol., 178.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114086"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.07.050","article-title":"Polyphenols, food and pharma. Current knowledge and directions for future research","volume":"156","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silvestro, S., Bramanti, P., and Mazzon, E. (2021). Role of Quercetin in Depressive-Like Behaviors: Findings from Animal Models. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11157116"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.191","article-title":"The effects of stressful life events on depression","volume":"48","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707008401","article-title":"Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: Evidence base and therapeutic implications","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00051-9","article-title":"Disability in depression and back pain: Evaluation of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO DAS II) in a primary care setting","volume":"56","author":"Chwastiak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.01.006","article-title":"Interaction of childhood stress with hippocampus and prefrontal cortex volume reduction in major depression","volume":"44","author":"Frodl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Chand, S.P., and Arif, H. (2021). Depression, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.12.008","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to high anxiety- and depression-like behavior coincides with diminished DNA methylation in the adult rat amygdala","volume":"320","author":"McCoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.005","article-title":"The neuronal transporter gene SLC6A15 confers risk to major depression","volume":"70","author":"Kohli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.07.026","article-title":"Depressive behavior induced by social isolation of predisposed female rats","volume":"151","author":"Zanetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"4","article-title":"History and evolution of the monoamine hypothesis of depression","volume":"61","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"4","article-title":"Relationship of neurotransmitters to the symptoms of major depressive disorder","volume":"69","author":"Nutt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2008.10.3\/pgorwood","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms of anhedonia","volume":"10","author":"Gorwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e328013dc9d","article-title":"Dopamine transporter density may be associated with the depressed affect in healthy subjects","volume":"28","author":"Newberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: When the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.12.001","article-title":"Comparison of cytokine levels in depressed, manic and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"116","author":"Brietzke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2017.170117","article-title":"The Role of Cytokines in the Peripheral Blood of Major Depressive Patients","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Lab."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.172","article-title":"Decreased peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are a biomarker of disease activity in major psychiatric disorders: A comparative meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2010.483651","article-title":"Classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in major depression: A review","volume":"120","author":"Werner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890802046281","article-title":"Stress, depression and cardiovascular dysregulation: A review of neurobiological mechanisms and the integration of research from preclinical disease models","volume":"12","author":"Grippo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.06.036","article-title":"The interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, DNA repair and mitochondrial dysfunction in depression","volume":"80","author":"Czarny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.11.034","article-title":"NO signaling in the CNS: From the physiological to the pathological","volume":"208","author":"Bishop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900013754","article-title":"The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in mood disorders","volume":"13","author":"Drevets","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.005","article-title":"Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, depression, and antidepressant medications: Meta-analyses and implications","volume":"64","author":"Sen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.02.007","article-title":"Neurobiological links between depression and AD: The role of TGF-beta1 signaling as a new pharmacological target","volume":"130","author":"Caraci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.07.008","article-title":"Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression","volume":"88","author":"Myint","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.05.047","article-title":"Elevated macrophage migration inhibitory factor and decreased transforming growth factor-beta levels in major depression\u2014No influence of celecoxib treatment","volume":"134","author":"Musil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.005","article-title":"Major depression and heart failure: Interest of monoamine oxidase inhibitors","volume":"247","author":"Corbineau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.044","article-title":"Initiation of Behavioral Response to Antidepressants by Cholecystokinin Neurons of the Dentate Gyrus","volume":"95","author":"Medrihan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_90","unstructured":"Khalid, M.M., and Waseem, M. (2021). Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113494937","article-title":"Does adding noradrenaline reuptake inhibition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibition improve efficacy in patients with depression? A systematic review of meta-analyses and large randomised pragmatic trials","volume":"27","author":"Bradley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13321","article-title":"Effects of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors on depressive- and impulsive-like behaviors and on monoamine transmission in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2017.07.022","article-title":"Differentiating physicochemical properties between NDRIs and sNRIs clinically important for the treatment of ADHD","volume":"1861","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108093582","article-title":"Problems associated with long-term treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","volume":"23","author":"Moret","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5762172","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5762172","article-title":"Antidepressant Flavonoids and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress","volume":"2017","author":"Hritcu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-020-01292-5","article-title":"Flavonoids as therapeutic candidates for emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression","volume":"43","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-009-0136-3","article-title":"Flavonoids and brain health: Multiple effects underpinned by common mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Spencer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia, A.S., Cardoso, A., and Vale, N. (2023). Oxidative Stress in Depression: The Link with the Stress Response, Neuroinflammation, Serotonin, Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020470"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15419","article-title":"Lycopene protects neuroblastoma cells against oxidative damage via depression of ER stress","volume":"85","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-04-19-0688-PDN","article-title":"First report of fusarium rot of phalsa (Grewia asiatica) caused by Fusarium solani in Pakistan","volume":"103","author":"Moosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imran, I., Javaid, S., Waheed, A., Rasool, M.F., Majeed, A., Samad, N., Saeed, H., Alqahtani, F., Ahmed, M.M., and Alaqil, F.A. (2021). Grewia asiatica berry juice diminishes anxiety, depression, and scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in behavioral experimental animal models. Front. Nutr., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.587367"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X.F., Lu, K., Lin, P.C., Che, H.X., Li, H.Y., Song, L., Yang, X.H., and Xie, W.C. (2021). Saccharina japonica ethanol extract ameliorates depression\/anxiety-like behavior by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in dextran sodium sulfate induced ulcerative colitis mice. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.784532"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.04.023","article-title":"Antidepressive effects of a chemically characterized maqui berry extract (Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz) in a mouse model of post-stroke depression","volume":"129","author":"Sobolev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900243","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900243","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with fish oil or conjugated linoleic acid relieves depression markers in mice by modulation of the nrf2 pathway","volume":"63","author":"Cigliano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.10.016","article-title":"Inflammation-induced depression: Its pathophysiology and therapeutic implications","volume":"313","author":"Jeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180199","article-title":"Immune cells and CNS physiology: Microglia and beyond","volume":"216","author":"Norris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, J.E., Borkowski, K., Newman, J.W., and Park, Y.S. (2021). N-3 PUFA improved post-menopausal depression induced by maternal separation and chronic mild stress through serotonergic pathway in rats-effect associated with lipid mediators. J. Nutr. Biochem., 91.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108599"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, F.R., Liu, X.J., Xu, S., Hu, S.T., Wang, S.S., Shi, D.B., Wang, K.C., Wang, Z.X., Lin, Q.Q., and Li, S. (2022). Prevotella histicola mitigated estrogen deficiency-induced depression via gut microbiota-dependent modulation of inflammation in ovariectomized mice. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.805465"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03750A","article-title":"Apple phenolic extracts ameliorate lead-induced cognitive impairment and depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice by abating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via the miR-22-3p\/SIRT1 axis","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2020.0109","article-title":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NK112 mitigates Escherichia coli-induced depression and cognitive impairment in mice by regulating IL-6 expression and gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Yun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104106","article-title":"Antidepressant effect of EGCG through the inhibition of hippocampal neuroinflammation in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression rat model","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179069518789149","DOI":"10.1177\/1179069518789149","article-title":"Effects of monoamines and antidepressants on astrocyte physiology: Implications for monoamine hypothesis of depression","volume":"12","author":"Marathe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01978J","article-title":"Deoiled sunflower seeds ameliorate depression by promoting the production of monoamine neurotransmitters and inhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8780","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO00524J","article-title":"Effects of EGCG on depression-related behavior and serotonin concentration in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3497","article-title":"Dietary essential oil from navel orange alleviates depression in reserpine-treated mice by monoamine neurotransmitters","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Flavour Frag. J."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19154","article-title":"Effect of adzuki bean sprout fermented milk enriched in gamma-aminobutyric acid on mild depression in a mouse model","volume":"104","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2020.102075","article-title":"Role of neurotrophins in pregnancy and offspring brain development","volume":"83","author":"Sahay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8094","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00601J","article-title":"Garlic essential oil mediates acute and chronic mild stress-induced depression in rats via modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, D.W., Han, T., Um, M.Y., Yoon, M., Kim, T.E., Kim, Y.T., Han, D., Lee, J., and Lee, C.H. (2019). Administration of Asian herb bennet (Geum japonicum) extract reverses depressive -like behaviors in mouse model of depression induced by corticosterone. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122841"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103757","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of anthocyanin on depression mice by increasing monoamine neurotransmitter and up-regulating BDNF expression","volume":"66","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.10.006","article-title":"(+)-Sesamin attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and memory deficits via suppression of neuroinflammation","volume":"64","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108588","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation alleviates absence seizures and anxiety- and depression-like behavior in WAG\/Rij rat by increasing neurotrophic factors and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"128","author":"Aygun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2021.38.47","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol on neurotrophic factors and depression-like behavior in a rat model of male hypogonadism","volume":"17","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibror.2018.11.008","article-title":"The human hypothalamus in mood disorders: The HPA axis in the center","volume":"6","author":"Bao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IBRO Rep."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Wang, T., Yu, Y., Li, M., Sun, X., Song, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., and Fu, F. (2022). The etiology of poststroke-depression: A hypothesis involving HPA axis. Biomed. Pharmacother., 151.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113146"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100009","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100009","article-title":"Dietary EPA-enriched phospholipids alleviate chronic stress and LPS-induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior by regulating immunity and neuroinflammation","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103905","article-title":"Saponin extract of Baihe-Zhimu Tang ameliorates depression in chronic mild stress rats","volume":"68","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, J.E., Kim, E.Y., and Park, Y. (2020). N-3 PUFA improved pup separation-induced postpartum depression via serotonergic pathway regulated by miRNA. J. Nutr. Biochem., 84.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108417"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2019.1691496","article-title":"Royal jelly reduces depression-like behavior through possible effects on adrenal steroidogenesis in a murine model of unpredictable chronic mild stress","volume":"84","author":"Iegaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1555789","article-title":"Targeting gut microbiota with dietary components on cancer: Effects and potential mechanisms of action","volume":"60","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H.-Y., Zhou, D.-D., Gan, R.-Y., Huang, S.-Y., Zhao, C.-N., Shang, A., Xu, X.-Y., and Li, H.-B. (2021). Effects and mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics on metabolic diseases targeting gut microbiota: A narrative review. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093211"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., Mao, Q., Zhou, D., Luo, M., Gan, R., Li, H., Huang, S., Saimaiti, A., Shang, A., and Li, H. (2021). Effects of tea against alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota in chronic alcohol-exposed mice. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061232"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S.-X., Li, J., Zhou, D.-D., Xiong, R.-G., Huang, S.-Y., Saimaiti, A., Shang, A., and Li, H.-B. (2022). Possible Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Natural Products and Nutrients on Depression and Anxiety: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112132"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u0142ynarska, E., Gadzinowska, J., Tokarek, J., Forycka, J., Szuman, A., Franczyk, B., and Rysz, J. (2022). The Role of the Microbiome-Brain-Gut Axis in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorder. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091921"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7651","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01091C","article-title":"The role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of host depression and mechanism of TPs relieving depression","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2022.136474","article-title":"The antidepressant potential of Lactobacillus casei in the postpartum depression rat model mediated by the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"774","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6148","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO00373E","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei improves depression-like behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced rats by the BDNF-TrkB signal pathway and the intestinal microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2019.01.007","article-title":"Bifidobacterium with the role of 5-hydroxytryptophan synthesis regulation alleviates the symptom of depression and related microbiota dysbiosis","volume":"66","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02096E","article-title":"Supplementation with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3 from Tibetan Kefir improves depression- like behavior in stressed mice by modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, S.W., Kim, J.K., Lee, K.E., Oh, Y.J., Choi, H.J., Han, M.J., and Kim, D.H. (2020). A probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri alleviates Escherichia coli-induced cognitive impairment and depression in mice by regulating IL-1 beta expression and gut microbiota. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113441"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13697","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04290","article-title":"High-dietary fiber intake alleviates antenatal obesity-induced postpartum depression: Roles of gut microbiota and microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acid involved","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02599A","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiota by chlorogenic acid pretreatment on rats with adrenocorticotropic hormone induced depression-like behavior","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S.K., Joo, M.K., Kim, J.K., Jeung, W., Kang, H., and Kim, D.H. (2020). Bifidobacteria-fermented red ginseng and its constituents ginsenoside Rd and protopanaxatriol alleviate anxiety\/depression in mice by the amelioration of gut dysbiosis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040901"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000691","article-title":"Can nicotinamide riboside protect against cognitive impairment?","volume":"23","author":"Braidy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01780A","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside alleviates alcohol-induced depression-like behaviours in C57BL\/6J mice by altering the intestinal microbiota associated with microglial activation and BDNF expression","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4995","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03254A","article-title":"Supplementation with soy isoflavones alleviates depression-like behaviour via reshaping the gut microbiota structure","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12550","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02655K","article-title":"Oral coniferyl ferulate attenuated depression symptoms in mice via reshaping gut microbiota and microbial metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110808","article-title":"Semen Sojae Praeparatum alters depression-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats via intestinal microbiota","volume":"150","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winiarska-Mieczan, A., Kwiecie\u0144, M., Jachimowicz-Rogowska, K., Donaldson, J., Tomaszewska, E., and Baranowska-W\u00f3jcik, E. (2023). Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols\u2014Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032258"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Wang, Z., Liu, G., and Chen, M. (2024). Neurodegenerative diseases and catechins: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a modulator of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1425839"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseilikman, V.E., Tseilikman, O.B., Yegorov, O.N., Brichagina, A.A., Karpenko, M.N., Tseilikman, D.V., Shatilov, V.A., Zhukov, M.S., and Novak, J. (2024). Resveratrol: A Multifaceted Guardian against Anxiety and Stress Disorders\u2014An Overview of Experimental Evidence. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172856"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mainini, G., Ercolano, S., De Simone, R., Iavarone, I., Lizza, R., and Passaro, M. (2024). Dietary Supplementation of Myo-Inositol, Cocoa Polyphenols, and Soy Isoflavones Improves Vasomotor Symptoms and Metabolic Profile in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Clinical Study. Medicina, 60.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60040598"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11202","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02676C","article-title":"Prophylactic treatment of curcumin in a rat model of depression by attenuating hippocampal synaptic loss","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrie, L., Awasthi, A., Kaur, J., Vishwas, S., Gulati, M., Kaur, I.P., Gupta, G., Kommineni, N., Dua, K., and Singh, S.K. (2023). Interplay of Gut Microbiota in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota, Mechanistic Pathways and Potential Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020197"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO04606K","article-title":"Apple polyphenol extract ameliorates sugary-diet-induced depression-like behaviors in male c57bl\/6 mice by inhibiting the inflammation of the gut-brain axis","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103638","article-title":"Effect of coffee constituents, caffeine and caffeic acid on anxiety and lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior in mice","volume":"64","author":"Mudgal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.09.031","article-title":"Apigenin ameliorates chronic mild stress-induced depressive behavior by inhibiting interleukin-1\u03b2 production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the rat brain","volume":"296","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2013.17.5.393","article-title":"Chronic Administration of Baicalein Decreases Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Repeated Restraint Stress in Rats","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.11.005","article-title":"Chrysin promotes attenuation of depressive-like behavior and hippocampal dysfunction resulting from olfactory bulbectomy in mice","volume":"260","author":"Filho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.1481","article-title":"Luteolin shows an antidepressant-like effect via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"34","author":"Ishisaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-016-9839-5","article-title":"The effects of fisetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2010.19.1.30","article-title":"Antidepressantlike effect of kaempferol and quercitirin, isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28377","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226102","article-title":"Myricetin attenuates depressant-like behavior in mice subjected to repeated restraint stress","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.09.044","article-title":"Quercetin suppress microglial neuroinflammatory response and induce antidepressent-like effect in olfactory bulbectomized rats","volume":"255","author":"Rinwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1127979","article-title":"The protective effect of Hypericum connatum on stress-induced escape deficit in rat is related to its flavonoid content","volume":"54","author":"Scheggi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.07.042","article-title":"Hesperidin reverses cognitive and depressive disturbances induced by olfactory bulbectomy in mice by modulating hippocampal neurotrophins and cytokine levels and acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"789","author":"Antunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.06.009","article-title":"Antidepressant-like behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects of naringenin in the mouse repeated tail suspension test","volume":"39","author":"Yi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933776","article-title":"Quercetin protects against stress-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior and improves memory in male mice","volume":"67","author":"Samad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-019-01781-5","article-title":"Resveratrol and quercetin attenuate depressive-like behavior and restore impaired contractility of vas deferens in chronic stress-exposed rats: Involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"393","author":"Sahin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1603","article-title":"Nutrient intake and psychological health in an elderly Chinese population","volume":"21","author":"Woo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2019.26.3.6","article-title":"Prevalence of Poor Mental Health and Cognitive Status among Middle-Aged Adults and Its Predictors in Relation to Polyphenols Intake","volume":"26","author":"Rosli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malays. J. Med. Sci. MJMS"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.073","article-title":"Dietary patterns and depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: Baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study","volume":"225","author":"Miyake","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1327-5","article-title":"Soy isoflavone intake and prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: Baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study","volume":"57","author":"Miyake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godos, J., Castellano, S., Ray, S., Grosso, G., and Galvano, F. (2018). Dietary polyphenol intake and depression: Results from the mediterranean healthy eating, lifestyle and aging (MEAL) study. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23050999"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.10.001","article-title":"Daily dietary isoflavone intake in relation to lowered risk of depressive symptoms among men","volume":"261","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.124545","article-title":"Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of incident depression in midlife and older women","volume":"104","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-84","article-title":"Effect of green tea on reward learning in healthy individuals: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"15","article-title":"Antidepressant Effect of Asperugo procumbens L. in Comparison with Fluoxetine: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial","volume":"5","author":"Zarghami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharmacogn."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02589.x","article-title":"The efficacy of ginkgo for elderly people with dementia and age-associated memory impairment: New results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"48","author":"Kessels","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_180","first-page":"132","article-title":"Comparative study of gabapentin and isoflavone in menopausal vasomotor symptoms","volume":"7","author":"Singhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. MidLife Health"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508024008","article-title":"Administration of a dietary supplement (N-oleyl-phosphatidylethanolamine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate formula) enhances compliance with diet in healthy overweight subjects: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Rondanelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platero, J.L., Cuerda-Ballester, M., Sancho-Cantus, D., Benlloch, M., Ceron, J.J., Rubio, C.P., Garc\u00eda-Pardo, M.P., L\u00f3pez-Rodr\u00edguez, M.M., and de la Rubia Ort\u00ed, J.E. (2021). The impact of epigallocatechin gallate and coconut oil treatment on cortisol activity and depression in multiple sclerosis patients. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11040353"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, M., Choi, J., and Lee, H.J. (2020). Flavonoid-rich orange juice intake and altered gut microbiome in young adults with depressive symptom: A randomized controlled study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061815"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125312464103","article-title":"Effect of epigallocatechin gallate supplementation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: An 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"3","author":"Loftis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.10.014","article-title":"Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts","volume":"65","author":"Lipovac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.03.011","article-title":"Comparison of 70 mg and 35 mg isoflavone soya supplement for menopause symptoms","volume":"90","author":"Jou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_187","first-page":"897S","article-title":"An Increase in Plasma Homovanillic Acid with Cocoa Extract Consumption Is Associated with the Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms in Overweight or Obese Adults on an Energy Restricted Diet in a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"146","author":"Ramirez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2512-5","article-title":"Genistein effects on quality of life and depression symptoms in osteopenic postmenopausal women: A 2-year randomized, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Atteritano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2019.0252","article-title":"Putative Antidepressant Effect of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Oral Extract in Subjects with Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression","volume":"26","author":"Amsterdam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"44","article-title":"Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: An exploratory study","volume":"18","author":"Amsterdam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Altern. Ther. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2017.12.001","article-title":"Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Other Dietary Compounds: Implications for Human Health","volume":"84","author":"Kardum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-017-2948-5","article-title":"Interactions between the major bioactive polyphenols of berries: Effects on antioxidant properties","volume":"244","author":"Duarte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.04.033","article-title":"The gut microbiota: A key factor in the therapeutic effects of (poly)phenols","volume":"139","author":"Espin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gamage, E., Orr, R., Travica, N., Lane, M.M., Dissanayaka, T., and Kim, J.H. (2023). Polyphenols as novel interventions for depression: Exploring the efficacy, mechanisms of action, and implications for future research. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 151.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105225"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozdal, T., Sela, D.A., Xiao, J., Boyacioglu, D., Chen, F., and Capanoglu, E. (2016). The Reciprocal Interactions between Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota and Effects on Bioaccessibility. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020078"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Be\u0161lo, D., Golubi\u0107, N., Rastija, V., Agi\u0107, D., Karna\u0161, M., \u0160ubari\u0107, D., and Lu\u010di\u0107, B. (2023). Antioxidant Activity, Metabolism, and Bioavailability of Polyphenols in the Diet of Animals. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061141"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13275","article-title":"Interactions between proteins and phenolics: Effects of food processing on the content and digestibility of phenolic compounds","volume":"104","author":"Nemli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhan, M. (2024). The Promising Role of Polyphenols in Skin Disorders. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29040865"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13868","article-title":"Safety and pharmacokinetics of naringenin: A randomized, controlled, single-ascending-dose clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Rebello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhan, M., and Rizvi, A. (2023). The Pharmacological Properties of Red Grape Polyphenol Resveratrol: Clinical Trials and Obstacles in Drug Development. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204486"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhan, M. (2023). Insights on the Role of Polyphenols in Combating Cancer Drug Resistance. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061709"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aatif, M. (2023). Current Understanding of Polyphenols to Enhance Bioavailability for Better Therapies. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11072078"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/10\/1342\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:17:20Z","timestamp":1760113040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/10\/1342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"references-count":202,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["life14101342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14101342","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]}}}