{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:14:48Z","timestamp":1791162888609,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Musculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent occupational health problem all over the world and are often related to biomechanical risk factors; to control these risk factors, several assessment methods (mostly observational) have been proposed in the past 40 years. An in-depth knowledge of each method to evaluate biomechanical risk factors is needed to effectively employ them in the field, together with a robust understanding of their effective predictive value and limitations. In Part 1, some general issues relevant to biomechanical risk assessment are discussed, and the method for assessing manual material handling after receiving more robust validation data is reviewed (Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation), together with a discussion about variability of tasks. Similarly, for the assessment of the biomechanical exposure of the upper limb, the TLV for Hand activity (ACGIH\u00ae) is presented in Part 2 of this guide, together with criteria to proportion risk assessment to the working duration in part-time jobs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T09:11:24Z","timestamp":1730279484000},"page":"1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Criteria for Assessing Exposure to Biomechanical Risk Factors: A Research-to-Practice Guide\u2014Part 1: General Issues and Manual Material Handling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Graziosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Bonfiglioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Occupational Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Decataldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Saverio","family":"Violante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Occupational Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bernard, B.P., and Putz-Anderson, V. 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