{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:54:39Z","timestamp":1790787279549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This scoping review explores the therapeutic strategies available for managing genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), a condition often underdiagnosed and undertreated despite significantly affecting women\u2019s quality of life. GSM results from decreased estrogen levels during menopause, leading to a range of symptoms including vulvovaginal atrophy and urinary tract issues. Material and Methods: we screened the literature for original studies with \u201cmenopause\u201d, \u201chormonal therapy\u201d, \u201cvulvovaginal atrophy\u201d, \u201curinary incontinence\u201d, \u201curinary infections\u201d, \u201cgenitourinary syndrome\u201d. Results: A total of 451 relevant articles were retrieved. After screening, 19 articles were included in this scoping review. Discussion: First-line treatments typically include lubricants and moisturizers for short-term symptom relief, while unresolved or severe cases may warrant hormonal treatment. Topical hormonal treatments often have fewer side effects than systemic alternatives. Special attention is given to selective estrogen receptor modulators like ospemifene and steroid hormones like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which have shown beneficial effects on GSM symptoms. Moreover, innovative therapeutic approaches, such as laser treatment, are discussed in the context of their efficacy and accessibility. The safety of GSM hormonal therapy in women with a history or risk of cancer is also addressed, noting the need for more definitive research in this area. While there is a growing demand for tailored therapy, this scoping review emphasizes the importance of effective communication and counseling to allow women to make informed decisions about their treatment. Overall, this review underscores the need for increased awareness and further research into effective treatment options for GSM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:53:05Z","timestamp":1731991985000},"page":"1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Update on Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Scoping Review of a Tailored Treatment-Based Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cuccu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1018-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tullio","family":"Golia D\u2019Aug\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Firulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9930-2810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Buzzaccarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottavia","family":"D\u2019Oria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in \u201cTranslational Medicine and Oncology\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecological Unit, Department of Woman\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aris Raad","family":"Besharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in \u201cTranslational Medicine and Oncology\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant\u2019Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Caserta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant\u2019Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Bogani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7195-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovico","family":"Muzii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9254-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violante","family":"Di Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4388-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in \u201cTranslational Medicine and Oncology\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant\u2019Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.07.013","article-title":"Vulvovaginal Atrophy Terminology Consensus Conference Panel. 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J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000463","article-title":"Vaginal Native Tissue Repair for Posterior Compartment Prolapse: Long-Term Analysis of Sexual Function and Quality of Life in 151 Patients","volume":"24","author":"Schiavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.08.012","article-title":"Fractional CO2 laser for vulvo-vaginal atrophy in gynecologic cancer patients: A valid therapeutic choice? A systematic review","volume":"277","author":"Giannini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. 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