{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:05:26Z","timestamp":1772114726652,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diabetes mellitus is closely related to periodontal disease and dental lesions, disorders which through dental infection and metabolic imbalance become negatively potentiated and cause a vicious circle that is almost impossible to break. The aim of this research was to study if the severity of dental and periodontal lesions is related to the presence of microvascular complications and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In total, 112 subjects with T2DM that underwent a dental evaluation were enrolled in this case\u2013control study. The study group included 56 patients with complicated lesions, whereas the control group included 56 patients whose gender and age matched the study group and that presented superficial lesions. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 26.0, with the result being considered statistically significant if the p values were &lt;0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences were recorded between the two groups regarding the value of blood glucose, HbA1c and fibrinogen, as well as kidney function. Statistically significant differences were also recorded between the two groups when analyzing the presence of microvascular complications, as well as individually analyzed, in the case of diabetic peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy (p &lt; 0.001), but also of diabetic retinopathy (p &lt; 0.05). This study developed a score with a predictive value for the presence of complicated dental and periodontal lesions, including blood glucose, fibrinogen, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (AUROC 0.847, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: There is a high frequency of dental and periodontal complications in patients with T2DM. Patients with microvascular complications, elevated fasting blood glucose, and chronic inflammation, as evidenced by elevated fibrinogen, are more likely to develop complicated dental and periodontal lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14121585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T06:58:58Z","timestamp":1733122738000},"page":"1585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Associations of Dental and Periodontal Lesions with the Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adina Andreea","family":"Mirea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oro-Dental Prevention and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1159-3617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adela Gabriela","family":"\u0218tefan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calafat Municipal Hospital, 205200 Calafat, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mo\u021ba","family":"Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Clenciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Mitrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8563-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ion Cristian","family":"Efrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Semiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Magdalena","family":"Ro\u0219u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Cristina","family":"Protasiewicz-Timofticiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice Elena","family":"Vladu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodora Claudia","family":"Gheonea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5828-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia","family":"M\u0103r\u0103\u0219escu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mo\u021ba","family":"Eugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6133-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionela Mihaela","family":"Vladu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (2024, September 10). IDF Diabetes Atlas-10th Edition. Available online: http:\/\/www.diabetesatlas.org."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Oral manifestations in type 2 diabetes mellitus literature review","volume":"15","author":"Wagner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rom. J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.100673","article-title":"Oral manifestations in type-2 diabetes and related complications","volume":"16","author":"Bajaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2008.01442.x","article-title":"Periodontal disease: Associations with diabetes, glycemic control and complications","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.19.4.7144","article-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy in Relation with eGDR Value in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"70","author":"Clenciu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Chim."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.22543\/2392-7674.1445","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: Interdisciplinary medical, surgical and psychological therapeutic approach","volume":"10","author":"Socea","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mind Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0673-7","article-title":"Is there a relationship between oral health and diabetic neuropathy?","volume":"15","author":"Borgnakke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"179","article-title":"Oral Manifestations and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: A review","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.1.329","article-title":"Periodontal disease: The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"943","article-title":"Diabetes and periodontal disease: Two sides of a coin","volume":"21","author":"Mealey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i9.485","article-title":"Oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Rohani","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.34.1.54","article-title":"Oral Manifestations of Diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Indurkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1999","article-title":"Most Frequent Oral Lesions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Trentin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"50","article-title":"Oral manifestations and complications of diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.ijph_1935_21","article-title":"Dental caries and their relation to hba1c in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"66","author":"Mohan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"334","article-title":"Frequency of dental caries and level of risk among type II diabetics","volume":"5","author":"Moin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dentistry"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2021, February 12). Calculator.net. Available online: https:\/\/www.calculator.net\/sample-size-calculator.html."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008, January 8\u201311). Waist circumference and waist\u2013hip ratio. Proceedings of the Report of a WHO Expert Consultation, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"National Kidney Foundation (2024, September 15). CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation (2021). Available online: https:\/\/www.kidney.org\/content\/ckd-epi-creatinine-equation-2021."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.11.2048","article-title":"Validation of Toronto Clinical Scoring System for diabetic polineuropathy","volume":"25","author":"Bril","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S012","article-title":"Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023","volume":"46","author":"Aleppo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.06.028","article-title":"Conference Participants. Harmonizing acute and chronic kidney disease definition and classification: Report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference","volume":"100","author":"Lameire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Ellis, R.G. (1952). The Classification and Treatment of Injuries to the Teeth of Children, Yearbook Medical Publishers."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Popa, M. (2015). Traumatologie Dentara, Editura Universitara Carol Davila."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_866_19","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease: An overview for physicians","volume":"8","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Family Med. Prim. Care."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.18.11.6693","article-title":"The Utility of Visceral Adiposity Index in Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"69","author":"Socea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Chim."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"293","article-title":"Periodontal systemic connections-novel associations\u2013A review of the evidence with implications for medical practitioners","volume":"10","author":"Kalakonda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.62.2.13","article-title":"Triglyceride and glucose index: A useful tool for non-alcoholic liver disease assessed by liver biopsy in patients with metabolic syndrome?","volume":"62","author":"Amzolini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2015.2","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(02)00220-9","article-title":"Oral dryness and peripheral neuropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Sandberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.06.014","article-title":"Periodontal disease and risk for neuropathic foot ulceration in type 2 diabetes","volume":"90","author":"Abrao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"34","article-title":"Periodontitis severa, edentulismo y neuropat\u00eda en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 [Severe periodontitis, edentulism and neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]","volume":"148","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gac. Med. Mex."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2000.107536","article-title":"Oral symptoms and signs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A focus on diabetic neuropathy","volume":"90","author":"Collin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"181","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus-a risk factor for periodontal disease","volume":"9","author":"Chandna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Internet J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1960.03020080006003","article-title":"Periodontal disease and diabetes in young adults","volume":"172","author":"Brian","year":"1960","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.9.962","article-title":"Periodontal findings in elderly patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"69","author":"Collin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.27","article-title":"Periodontal disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Saremi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1184","article-title":"Effect of periodontitis on overt nephropathy and end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Shultis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12633","article-title":"The number of microvascular complications is associated with an increased risk for severity of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes patients: Results of a multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Nitta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/12\/1585\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:44:37Z","timestamp":1760114677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/12\/1585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["life14121585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14121585","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]}}}