{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:38:46Z","timestamp":1760146726009,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Space Agency"},{"name":"French Spatial Agency"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuro-ophthalmological changes have been reported after prolonged exposure to microgravity; however, the pathophysiology remains unclear. Furthermore, several countermeasures have been suggested to counteract the side effects of microgravity. The objectives of the present study were twofold: (1) to assess the neuro-ophthalmological impact of 60 days of head-down bed rest (HDBR) and (2) to determine the potential effects of an antioxidant cocktail. In this case, 20 healthy male subjects completed a 60-day HDBR and were randomly allocated into two groups: a control condition without an antioxidant cocktail (CON) and a condition with an antioxidant cocktail (NUT). The retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were assessed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured by ocular ultrasonography and used to assess indirect changes in the intracranial pressure (ICP). The intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed by Goldmann applanation tonometry. The CRT tended to be reduced after HDBR. The ONSD was increased at the end and after HDBR. The IOP tended to decrease after HDBR. Finally, the antioxidant cocktail had minor impacts on the ophthalmological changes induced by HDBR. It is worth noting that two participants presented peripapillary edema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14121598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T04:47:22Z","timestamp":1733287642000},"page":"1598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effects of Antioxidant Cocktail on Ophthalmological Changes Induced by a 60-Day Head-Down Bed Rest in a Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9666-4199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Kermorgant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR INSERM U1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), 31432 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Varenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Pavy-Le Traon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Geeraerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Barioulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Fourni\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1024-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Billette de Villemeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), 31405 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Pierre","family":"Bareille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), 31405 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), 31405 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrianos","family":"Golemis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), 31405 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telespazio Belgium S.R.L. for the European Space Agency, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillemette","family":"Gauquelin-Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Quintyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Unicaen, University Hospital of Caen, 14033 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.021","article-title":"Optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, and hyperopic shifts observed in astronauts after long-duration space flight","volume":"118","author":"Mader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-020-0097-9","article-title":"Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS) and the Neuro-Ophthalmologic Effects of Microgravity: A Review and an Update","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Microgravity"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saveko, A., Bekreneva, M., Ponomarev, I., Zelenskaya, I., Riabova, A., Shigueva, T., Kitov, V., Abu Sheli, N., Nosikova, I., and Rukavishnikov, I. 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