{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:13:02Z","timestamp":1791378782333,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Inflammatory biomarkers, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), play a significant role in influencing stroke outcomes, particularly in the progression of post-stroke disability. While numerous studies have suggested a correlation between elevated levels of these cytokines and poor functional recovery, further investigation is needed to understand their prognostic value in acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 56 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, evaluating IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels on days 1 and 7 post symptom onset. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and functional outcomes were measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the association between biomarker levels and stroke severity and recovery. Results: Our study demonstrated that elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha on both days 1 and 7 were significantly correlated with greater stroke severity and poorer functional outcomes, as indicated by higher NIHSS and mRS scores. These findings are consistent with broader research indicating strong associations between inflammatory cytokines and post-stroke disability, further reinforcing their relevance as prognostic indicators. Conclusions: IL-6 and TNF-alpha are promising biomarkers for predicting stroke severity and functional recovery in acute ischemic stroke. Monitoring these cytokines in the early stages of stroke could aid in identifying patients at higher risk for long-term disability, potentially guiding personalized therapeutic strategies. Further research into anti-inflammatory therapies targeting these cytokines may improve stroke rehabilitation and outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T10:32:26Z","timestamp":1735813946000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Role of IL-6 and TNF-Alpha Biomarkers in Predicting Disability Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ciprian-Ionu\u021b","family":"B\u0103cil\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Collective of Scientific Research in Neurosciences of the Clinical Psychiatry Hospital \u201cDr. Gheorghe Preda\u201d, 550082 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4392-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Gabriela","family":"Vl\u0103doiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Corneliu Coposu bvd, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina","family":"V\u0103leanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babe\u015f Street, No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doru-Florian-Cornel","family":"Moga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Department of Surgery, Military Clinical Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Victoriei Bvd, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia-Manuela","family":"Pumnea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Izvorului Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Medlife Hospital, Constitu\u021biei Street, 550253 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Biomarkers of inflammation and stroke outcomes: The role of IL-6 and TNF-alpha","volume":"23","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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