{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:42:02Z","timestamp":1759970522844,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis afflicts 10% of women in their reproductive years and nearly half of women with infertility, and its etiology is not yet clear. Pharmacological therapy is generally based on progestins like progestogen. This drug binds to progesterone receptors with many known side effects. Here, we describe the case of a 33-year-old woman surgically treated for endometriosis who continued with drug therapy based on estradiol valerate and dienogest. Approximately 21 months after treatment, she reported ocular symptoms with vision alteration, diplopia, and metamorphopsia related to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). After the discontinuation of combined progestin-based treatment, the CSC fully subsided. Semeiological, clinical, and laboratory approaches were adopted, and urinary steroids were measured. A slight increase in prolactinemia in the absence of macro-prolactinemia was reported. The steroidal profile appeared without abnormalities, although a slight alteration of estrogen balance was noted. Considering the pharmacodynamics of dienogest versus selective progesterone receptor modulators, it can be assumed that patients\u2019 clinical events are related to specific site response to steroids that bind the progesterone receptor. Dienogest may have induced the CSC as a not yet characterized side effect of the drug. Undoubtedly, further specific studies are needed concerning the metabolic and pharmacodynamic aspects that cannot be exhaustively covered here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T03:40:17Z","timestamp":1737517217000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Endometriosis Treatment with Progestogen: A Metabolic Understanding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Chiara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology \u201cFranco Ghezzo\u201d, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4933-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Allegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology \u201cFranco Ghezzo\u201d, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Caudana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology \u201cFranco Ghezzo\u201d, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Mula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Turco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Local Authority \u201cAsl City of Turin\u201d\u2014Ophthalmic Hospital, 10154 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Liuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry \u201cBaldi e Riberi\u201d, Metabolic Diseases Unit, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6719-1946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Puccinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry \u201cBaldi e Riberi\u201d, Metabolic Diseases Unit, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0431-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Mengozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry \u201cBaldi e Riberi\u201d, Metabolic Diseases Unit, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9841-7802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"De Francia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology \u201cFranco Ghezzo\u201d, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.041","article-title":"Endometriosis: Etiology, Pathobiology, and Therapeutic Prospects","volume":"184","author":"Saunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0008-5","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"4","author":"Zondervan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2017.05.009","article-title":"MR Imaging of Endometriosis: Spectrum of Disease","volume":"98","author":"Bourgioti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. 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