{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:34:50Z","timestamp":1775486090414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The mechanisms underlying extrapyramidal disorders and their anatomical substrate have been extensively investigated. Recently, the role of the claustrum in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative conditions has been better detailed. The main aim of this review was to summarize the supporting evidence for the role of the claustrum in degenerative and vascular parkinsonism. Methods: The anatomy, biology, vascular supply, and connections of the claustrum in humans were identified and described, providing the substrate for the vascular involvement of the claustrum in large- and small-vessel disease. The vascular supply of the claustrum includes up to three different sources from a single artery, the middle cerebral artery, and it is known as territory with an intermediate hemodynamic risk. The connections of the claustrum make it a sensory integrator and a relevant point in several networks, from consciousness to movement planning. Conclusions: The claustrum is still an incompletely explained structure. However, recent description of its multiple connections indicate that it is involved in several diseases, including Parkinson\u2019s disease. The evidence underlying its potential role in vascular parkinsonism is still scarce, but it might be a field warranting future investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T04:59:10Z","timestamp":1737953950000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of the Claustrum in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism: A Matter of Network?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7530-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Zedde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Quatrale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, UOC di Neurologia\u2014Ospedale dell\u2019AngeloAULSS 3 Serenissima, 30174 Venice Mestre, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Dept of Neuroscience, ARNAS Brotzu, 09047 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo Del","family":"Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Pascarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Smythies, J.R., Edelstein, L.R., and Ramachandran, V.S. 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