{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:45:28Z","timestamp":1759970728047,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center","award":["N N518 381737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N N518 381737"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolomics is a powerful tool that can be used to identify different stages in cancer development. In this study, the metabolomic profile of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was characterized in C57BL\/6 mice bearing LLC tumors. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nuclear magnetic resonance\u2014NMR) was applied using a 400 MHz 1H NMR spectrometer. Two types of metabolites (polar and non-polar) were identified on LLC based on the analysis of methanol\/water and chloroform extracts collected from lung cancer samples in mice. The investigated metabolomics show that the neoplastic processes of growing LLC on mice may affect carbohydrate; alanine and glutamate; leucine and isoleucine; lysine; creatine; and choline metabolism, whereas hypoxia states were identified due to elevated lactate in lung cancer tissues. The metabolomic profile of Lewis lung carcinoma could be considered to be a valuable biomarker in translational lung cancer research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T07:45:12Z","timestamp":1738136712000},"page":"202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Pilot Study on Qualitative Metabolomics to Characterize Lewis Lung Carcinoma in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Stawarska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2213-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Bamburowicz-Klimkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz Maciej","family":"Pisklak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Gawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ireneusz P.","family":"Grudzinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21332","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2016","volume":"66","author":"Siegel","year":"2016","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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