{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:40:32Z","timestamp":1790386832362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune pathology that affects the nervous system. It is characterized by inflammatory lesions that cause axonal damage with neurodegeneration. The signs and symptoms present in this pathology include among others, psychiatric disorders. In MS, depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder, with prevalence levels of 40 to 60%; to date, the cause is unknown. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin related to neuroplasticity. The single-nucleotide polymorphism Val66Met, encoded by the BDNF gene, has been associated with various effects, including the presence of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and depression in MS patients. Methods: Study design, cases, and controls: Mexican mestizo MS patients. Cases: Patients diagnosed with depression. Controls: Patients without depression diagnosis. Measurements: For depression, the Beck Depression Inventory; for polymorphism, real-time PCR. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in sociodemographic and disease variables between the case and control groups. qPCR analysis showed that 68% of the participants were Val\/Val wild-type homozygotes, 29% were Val\/Met polymorphism heterozygotes, and 3% were Met\/Met polymorphism homozygotes. The presence of the BDNF gene rs6265 polymorphism was associated with a 5.6-fold increase in the probability of depression in the cases compared to the controls. Conclusions: The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism is associated with depression in Mexican mestizo patients diagnosed with MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T05:08:26Z","timestamp":1738300106000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of the Val66Met Polymorphism of the BDNF Gene with the Depression in a Mexican Population with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1668-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda Viridiana","family":"Rabago-Barajas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Mac\u00edas-Islas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2272-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Miriam","family":"Salda\u00f1a-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6239-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Emmanuel","family":"Arana-Yepez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Behavior Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44130, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Maria","family":"Olivas-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center of the West, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-8976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Aguayo-Arelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Esclerosis m\u00faltiple","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Neurocienc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl074","article-title":"The contribution of demyelination to axonal loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"129","author":"Deluca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200006)47:6<707::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Demyelination","volume":"47","author":"Lucchinetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"2055217317717508","article-title":"Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Disorders among MS Patients from Latin America","volume":"3","author":"Vanotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261003589349","article-title":"Personality Characteristics and Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Assessment and Treatment","volume":"22","author":"Stathopoulou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.16.3.350","article-title":"Construct Validity and Frequency of Euphoria Sclerotica in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Fishman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708081174","article-title":"Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: Review and Theoretical Proposal","volume":"14","author":"Arnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2021.17.4.503","article-title":"How inflammation affects the brain in depression: A review of functional and structural MRI studies","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.05.015","article-title":"Concurrent inflammation-related brain reorganization in multiple sclerosis and depression","volume":"119","author":"Galindo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1289240","article-title":"Neurobiology of Depression: A Neurodevelopmental Approach","volume":"19","author":"Rupprecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.024","article-title":"Influence of BDNF Val66Met Genetic Polymorphism in Major Depressive Disorder and Body Mass Index: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of 6481 Individuals","volume":"344","author":"Rovira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v16.i12.90","article-title":"Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Actions of the Mood Stabilizer Lithium: Can It Be Used to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases?","volume":"16","author":"Chuang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.107","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of the BDNF Gene: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"17","author":"Boulle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00092-1","article-title":"Neurotrophin Signal Transduction in the Nervous System","volume":"10","author":"Kaplan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.074","article-title":"Regulation of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, neuroprotective mTOR and pro-apoptotic JNK1\/2 kinases in postmortem prefrontal cortex of subjects with major depressive disorder","volume":"276","author":"Salort","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110595","article-title":"Levomilnacipran Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-like Behaviors and Suppressed the TLR4\/Ras Signaling Pathway","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.031","article-title":"Menin Deficiency Leads to Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice by Modulating Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation","volume":"100","author":"Leng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6322","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27919","article-title":"P2X4R Silence Suppresses Glioma Cell Growth through BDNF\/TrkB\/ATF4 Signaling Pathway: HUO and CHEN","volume":"120","author":"Huo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia, A.S., Cardoso, A., and Vale, N. (2023). BDNF Unveiled: Exploring Its Role in Major Depression Disorder Serotonergic Imbalance and Associated Stress Conditions. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082081"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.05.008","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Depression and Antidepressant Action","volume":"90","author":"Monteggia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.17116\/jnevro2024124011114","article-title":"The relationship between the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene and the level of serum neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"Nikitina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhurnal Nevrol. Psikhiatrii Im. SS Korsakova"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666230724101321","article-title":"Interaction of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Exercise, and Fear Extinction: Implications for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"22","author":"Antolasic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-024-01664-w","article-title":"In Silico Analysis of the Val66Met Mutation in BDNF Protein: Implications for Psychological Stress","volume":"14","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiworm, M. (2024). The relevance of BDNF for neuroprotection and neuroplasticity in multiple sclerosis. Front. Neurol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1385042"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suktas, A., Ekalaksananan, T., Aromseree, S., Bumrungthai, S., Songserm, N., and Pientong, C. (2024). Genetic Polymorphism Involved in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06195-z"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12913","article-title":"Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism and Disease Perception","volume":"23","author":"Santoro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"7523997","article-title":"Polymorphisms CYP2R1 Rs10766197 and CYP27B1 Rs10877012 in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study","volume":"2021","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating Neurologic Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: An Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2020). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Lulu.com."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12932","article-title":"Psychometric Properties and Validity of Beck Depression Inventory II in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Sacco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuerda-Ballester, M., Bustos, A., Sancho-Cantus, D., Mart\u00ednez-Rubio, D., Privado, J., Alarc\u00f3n-Jim\u00e9nez, J., Villar\u00f3n-Casales, C., de Bernardo, N., Navarro Illana, E., and de la Rubia Ort\u00ed, J.E. (2024). Predictive Model of Anxiety and Depression Perception in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Possible Implications for Clinical Treatment. Bioengineering, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11010100"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200154","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200154","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Detection and Treatment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"McIntosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81067","article-title":"Hyperactive Neuronal Autophagy Depletes BDNF and Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Corticosterone-Induced Mouse Model of Depression","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.10.034","article-title":"BDNF\u2014A Key Transducer of Antidepressant Effects","volume":"102","author":"Monteggia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2105144","article-title":"BDNF Alterations in Brain Areas and the Neurocircuitry Involved in the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in Animal Models, Suggest the Existence of a Primary Circuit of Depression","volume":"21","author":"Carboni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01316-5","article-title":"Psychedelics Promote Plasticity by Directly Binding to BDNF Receptor TrkB","volume":"26","author":"Moliner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-01124-z","article-title":"Intricate Role of Sleep Deprivation in Modulating Depression: Focusing on BDNF, VEGF, Serotonin, Cortisol, and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"38","author":"Vaseghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.024","article-title":"BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism, Life Stress and Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Gene-Environment Interaction","volume":"227","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abellaneda-P\u00e9rez, K., Martin-Trias, P., Cass\u00e9-Perrot, C., Vaqu\u00e9-Alc\u00e1zar, L., Lanteaume, L., Solana, E., Babiloni, C., Lizio, R., Junqu\u00e9, C., and Bargall\u00f3, N. (2022). BDNF Val66Met Gene Polymorphism Modulates Brain Activity Following rTMS-Induced Memory Impairment. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04175-x"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nociti, V., Santoro, M., Quaranta, D., Losavio, F.A., De Fino, C., Giordano, R., Palomba, N.P., Rossini, P.M., Guerini, F.R., and Clerici, M. (2019). Correction: BDNF Rs6265 Polymorphism Methylation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Possible Marker of Disease Progression. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212906"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0717","article-title":"BDNF Polymorphism: A Review of Its Diagnostic and Clinical Relevance in Neurodegenerative Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-210132","article-title":"The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is a relevant, but not determinant, risk factor in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders\u2014Current advances in human studies: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Hoffman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Plast."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almaghrbi, H., and Bawadi, H. (2024). Genetic polymorphisms and their association with neurobiological and psychological factors in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review. Front. Psychol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1386233"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.032","article-title":"No Association of the Val66Met Polymorphism of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) to Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"396","author":"Blanco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16040062","article-title":"Association of BDNF Val66MET Polymorphism with Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms","volume":"29","author":"Cagni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Liu, J., Guo, Y., Dong, G., Zou, W., and Chen, Z. (2019). Association between BDNF G196A (Val66Met) Polymorphism and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 52.","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20198443"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2014.1612","article-title":"Meta-Analysis Study on the Role of Bone-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Mariani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azman, K.F., and Zakaria, R. (2022). Recent Advances on the Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126827"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.02.054","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met Polymorphism in Schizophrenia Is Associated with Age at Onset and Symptoms","volume":"401","author":"Numata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e328360c866","article-title":"BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Anxiety\/Depression Symptoms in Schizophrenia in a Chinese Han Population","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02280-1","article-title":"Associations between APOE-, COMT Val108\/158Met- and BDNF Val66Met Polymorphisms and Variations in Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms, Sense of Coherence and Vital Exhaustion in the Real-Life Setting of Mandatory Basic Military Training","volume":"128","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-020-01342-1","article-title":"5-HTTLPR Polymorphism and Depression Risk in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis","volume":"121","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.01.020","article-title":"Gene\u00d7gene\u00d7gender interaction of BDNF and COMT genotypes associated with panic disorder","volume":"51","author":"Konishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/2\/213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:24:44Z","timestamp":1760027084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/2\/213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["life15020213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15020213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}}}