{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:49:10Z","timestamp":1760057350099,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"CRU 303 Pemphigoid Diseases","award":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"CRC 1526 Pathomechanisms of Antibody-mediated Autoimmunity","award":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004168","name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DFG-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"RTG2633 Defining and Targeting Autoimmune Pre-Disease","award":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG EXC 2167\/1, TI-3","J13-2022","DFG EM 362\/1-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) involve autoantibodies targeting proteins in the epidermal\/epithelial desmosome (pemphigus) or basement membrane zone (pemphigoid). Despite widespread antigen distribution, lesions exhibit a scattered involvement pattern. This study maps the frequency\/severity of AIBD lesions on various body parts and investigates whether differential antigen expression contributes to specific predilection sites. We analyzed affected sites presenting blisters\/erosions, erythematous\/urticarial lesions, and mucosal lesions in bullous pemphigoid (BP-cohort 1, n = 65; BP-cohort 2, n = 119), pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n = 67), and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n = 20) patients. To assess antigen expression, we conducted indirect immunofluorescence (IF) staining of 11 AIBD antigens from 13 anatomical sites of 10 body donors without AIBD. In BP, blisters\/erosions and erythematous\/urticarial lesions predominantly affected arms and legs, while PV\/PF patients exhibited frequent involvement of buccal mucosa and back, respectively. IF staining identified significant regional differences in BP180, BP230, and integrin \u03b24 expression, although these variations did not correlate with a higher lesion frequency\/severity. Other antigens showed consistent expression across all regions. Our findings suggest that predilection sites for BP and PV\/PF are largely unaffected by regional variations in antigen expression but may be influenced by factors like microbiota, mechanical stress, sunlight exposure, local immunity, or genetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T05:36:32Z","timestamp":1738560992000},"page":"218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Localization of Lesions in Autoimmune Blistering Diseases Is Independent of Site-Specific Target Antigen Expression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Rastegar Lari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Macias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Robrahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Onur","family":"Dikmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper","family":"Pr\u00fc\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Kiehne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Engster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imke","family":"Weyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8897-9035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silke","family":"Szymczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"van Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus H.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enno","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7965-8045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirin","family":"Emtenani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, F.A.P., and Murrell, D.F. 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