{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:00:52Z","timestamp":1789506052262,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A eutopic endometrium in endometriosis shows altered immune responses, including abnormalities of NK cells and expression of plasma cells, related to reproductive issues. This study investigated the counts of CD56-positive NK cells and CD138-positive plasma cells in the basal decidua of term placentas in singleton pregnancies after endometriosis-related infertility conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART). This single-center, case-control study involved immunohistochemical analysis of CD56-positive NK cells and CD138-positive plasma cells in basal decidua using primary monoclonal mouse antibodies, followed by secondary antibodies using a standardized protocol. CD56 and CD138 immunohistochemically positive cells were reported as the total cell count for each studied antibody expressed per 1 mm2 of basal decidua (Olympus BX46 and Olympus Image Analyzer). Placental samples containing basal decidua from 36 participants with endometriosis-related infertility who conceived by ART, 31 participants with male factor infertility who conceived by ART and 40 healthy controls were included. Endometriosis decidua showed the lowest median count of CD56-positive NK cells (11.5 \/ mm2, p = 0.039) in BD compared to male factor group (25 \/ mm2) and healthy controls (24.5 \/ mm2). No differences were found for CD138-positive plasma cells counts between study groups. Basal decidua in pregnancies after endometriosis-related infertility showed reduced total count of CD56-positive NK cells, without differences in the CD138-positive plasma cell counts compared to control groups. Future studies should investigate how changes in NK cells throughout pregnancy affect the development of perinatal complications and placental pathologies in women with endometriosis, which could uncover potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T04:47:31Z","timestamp":1738817251000},"page":"240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CD56-Positive NK Cells and CD138-Positive Plasma Cells in Basal Decidua of Term Placentas in Singleton Pregnancies After Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment of Endometriosis-Related Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-5394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stipe","family":"Dumancic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Split, Spin\u010di\u0107eva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9294-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marinela","family":"Bakotin Jakovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinic Hormona, Rooseveltova 54, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1849-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko Drazen","family":"Mimica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Split, Spin\u010di\u0107eva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ru\u0111era Bo\u0161kovi\u0107a 35, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2964-5171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Zekic Tomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Center Split, Spin\u010di\u0107eva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, \u0160oltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3984-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Marusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinic Hormona, Rooseveltova 54, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ru\u0111era Bo\u0161kovi\u0107a 35, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, \u0160oltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerriero, S., Ajossa, S., Pagliuca, M., Borzacchelli, A., Deiala, F., Springer, S., Pilloni, M., Taccori, V., Pascual, M.A., and Graupera, B. (2022). Advances in Imaging for Assessing Pelvic Endometriosis. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12122960"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew085","article-title":"A Prospective Cohort Study of Endometriosis and Subsequent Risk of Infertility","volume":"31","author":"Prescott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz012","article-title":"Reproductive, Obstetric, and Perinatal Outcomes of Women with Adenomyosis and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Horton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Zhao, X., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Zheng, W., and Cao, L. (2020). Miscarriage on Endometriosis and Adenomyosis in Women by Assisted Reproductive Technology or with Spontaneous Conception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BioMed Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4381346"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117728804","article-title":"Histopathological Alterations in Fetal Membranes of Women with Endometriosis","volume":"25","author":"Marcellin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu321","article-title":"Endometriosis Also Affects the Decidua in Contact with the Fetal Membranes During Pregnancy","volume":"30","author":"Marcellin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.04.015","article-title":"The Effect of Endometriosis on Placental Histopathology and Perinatal Outcome in Singleton Live Births Resulting from IVF","volume":"45","author":"Nu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. BioMedicine Online"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385451","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2024.2385451","article-title":"Histopathologic Characteristics of Term Placentas in Singleton Pregnancies in Women with Endometriosis-Related Infertility after ART Treatment: Case-Control Study","volume":"37","author":"Dumancic","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagan\u00e0, A.S., Garzon, S., G\u00f6tte, M., Vigan\u00f2, P., Franchi, M., Ghezzi, F., and Martin, D.C. (2019). The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Molecular and Cell Biology Insights. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225615"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00271.x","article-title":"Expression of Inhibitory-Motif Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor, KIR2DL1, Is Increased in Natural Killer Cells from Women with Pelvic Endometriosis","volume":"53","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12817","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12817","article-title":"Uterine Natural Killer Cell Progenitor Populations Predict Successful Implantation in Women with Endometriosis-Associated Infertility","volume":"79","author":"Glover","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa062","article-title":"Uterine Natural Killer Cells: From Foe to Friend in Reproduction","volume":"27","author":"Alecsandru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12259","article-title":"Characterization of Uterine NK Cells in Women with Infertility or Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Associated Endometriosis","volume":"72","author":"Giuliani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.016","article-title":"Higher Prevalence of Chronic Endometritis in Women with Endometriosis: A Possible Etiopathogenetic Link","volume":"108","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takebayashi, A., Kimura, F., Kishi, Y., Ishida, M., Takahashi, A., Yamanaka, A., Takahashi, K., Suginami, H., and Murakami, T. (2014). The Association Between Endometriosis and Chronic Endometritis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088354"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113485298","article-title":"A Novel Pilot Study of Endometrial Stromal Cells and Immune Cell Populations in Sentinel Uterine-Draining Lymph Nodes During the Menstrual Cycle and in Endometriosis","volume":"20","author":"Berbic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703451104","article-title":"Human Endometriosis Is Associated with Plasma Cells and Overexpression of B Lymphocyte Stimulator","volume":"104","author":"Hever","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-210310","article-title":"Uterine Natural Killer Cells Initiate Spiral Artery Remodeling in Human Pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Robson","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miku\u0161, M., Gold\u0161tajn, M.\u0160., Brle\u010di\u0107, I., Duman\u010di\u0107, S., Lagan\u00e0, A.S., Chiantera, V., Vuji\u0107, G., and \u0106ori\u0107, M. (2022). CTLA4-Linked Autoimmunity in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Related Infertility: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810902"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies","volume":"370","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drury, J.A., Parkin, K.L., Coyne, L., Giuliani, E., Fazleabas, A.T., and Hapangama, D.K. (2018). The Dynamic Changes in the Number of Uterine Natural Killer Cells Are Specific to the Eutopic but Not to the Ectopic Endometrium in Women and in a Baboon Model of Endometriosis. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0385-3"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shih, A.J., Adelson, R.P., Vashistha, H., Khalili, H., Nayyar, A., Puran, R., Herrera, R., Chatterjee, P.K., Lee, A.T., and Truskinovsky, A.M. (2022). Single-Cell Analysis of Menstrual Endometrial Tissues Defines Phenotypes Associated with Endometriosis. BMC Med., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02500-3"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103424","article-title":"Reduced Frequency of Perforin-Positive CD8+ T Cells in Menstrual Effluent of Endometriosis Patients","volume":"148","author":"Schmitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boucher, A., Brichant, G., Gridelet, V., Nisolle, M., Ravet, S., Timmermans, M., and Henry, L. (2022). Implantation Failure in Endometriosis Patients: Etiopathogenesis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185366"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, Q., Yang, F., Chen, X., Li, J., Zhong, C., and Chen, S. (2021). Patterns of Immune Infiltration in Endometriosis and Their Relationship to R-AFS Stages. Front. Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.631715"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021174","article-title":"Steroid Receptor Expression in Uterine Natural Killer Cells","volume":"88","author":"Henderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.1.75","article-title":"Expression of Interleukin-15 in Human Endometrium and Decidua","volume":"6","author":"Okada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.4.959","article-title":"Human Decidual Natural Killer Cells Express the Receptor for and Respond to the Cytokine Interleukin 15","volume":"62","author":"Verma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00374","article-title":"miR-194-3p Represses the Progesterone Receptor and Decidualization in Eutopic Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis","volume":"159","author":"Pei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0043","article-title":"Expression Profiling of Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis Reveals Candidate Genes for Disease-Based Implantation Failure and Infertility","volume":"144","author":"Kao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1452","article-title":"Decidual NK Cells Regulate Key Developmental Processes at the Human Fetal-Maternal Interface","volume":"12","author":"Hanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.030","article-title":"HLA-G Is Upregulated in Advanced Endometriosis","volume":"235","author":"Rached","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei408","article-title":"HLA-G Is Expressed by the Glandular Epithelium of Peritoneal Endometriosis but Not in Eutopic Endometrium","volume":"21","author":"Barrier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead069","article-title":"Hormonal Stimulation Reduces Numbers and Impairs Function of Human Uterine Natural Killer Cells during Implantation","volume":"38","author":"Kanter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000506776","article-title":"Immunomorphological Features of the Placenta in Allogeneic Pregnancy as the Background for the Development of Obstetric Complications","volume":"87","author":"Rudenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.12.025","article-title":"Optimal Endometrial Thickness in Fresh and Frozen-Thaw In Vitro Fertilization Cycles: An Analysis of Live Birth Rates from 96,000 Autologous Embryo Transfers","volume":"117","author":"Mahutte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13393","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13393","article-title":"Do Endometrial Natural Killer and Regulatory T Cells Differ in Infertile and Clinical Pregnancy Patients? An Analysis in Patients Undergoing Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles","volume":"85","author":"Huber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2023.104191","article-title":"Placentation and Complications of ART Pregnancy. An Update on the Different Possible Etiopathogenic Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Obstetric Complications","volume":"162","author":"Galanti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2022.06.013","article-title":"The Effect of Higher Estradiol Levels During Stimulation on Pregnancy Complications and Placental Histology","volume":"126","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906813","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/906813","article-title":"Natural Killer Cells and Their Activation Status in Normal Pregnancy","volume":"2013","author":"Mosimann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.001","article-title":"Decidual Leucocyte Populations in Early to Late Gestation Normal Human Pregnancy","volume":"82","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11682","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900662R","article-title":"Evidence for Shared Molecular Pathways of Dysregulated Decidualization in Preeclampsia and Endometrial Disorders Revealed by Microarray Data Integration","volume":"33","author":"Rabaglino","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.12816\/0039048","article-title":"Assessment of Decidual Natural Killer Cells CD56+ Population in Placental Bed in Fetal Growth Restriction","volume":"68","author":"Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac006","article-title":"Number and Function of Uterine Natural Killer Cells in Recurrent Miscarriage and Implantation Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Greer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekemen, S., Comunoglu, C., Kayhan, C.K., Bilir, E., Cavusoglu, I., Etiler, N., Bilgi, S., Ince, U., Coban, C., and Erden, H.F. (2023). Endometrial Staining of CD56 (Uterine Natural Killer), BCL-6, and CD138 (Plasma Cells) Improve Diagnosis and Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes in Unexplained Infertility and Recurrent IVF Failures: Standardization of Diagnosis with Digital Pathology. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13091557"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez194","article-title":"Endometrial uNK Cell Counts Do Not Predict Successful Implantation in an IVF Population","volume":"34","author":"Donoghue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.04.290","article-title":"Standardisation of Uterine Natural Killer (uNK) Cell Measurements in the Endometrium of Women with Recurrent Reproductive Failure","volume":"116","author":"Lash","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahajan, D., Sharma, N.R., Kancharla, S., Kolli, P., Tripathy, A., Sharma, A.K., Singh, S., Kumar, S., Mohanty, A.K., and Jena, M.K. (2022). Role of Natural Killer Cells During Pregnancy and Related Complications. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010068"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoogstad-van Evert, J., Paap, R., Nap, A., and van der Molen, R. (2022). The Promises of Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Endometriosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105539"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12141","article-title":"Review of Lipiodol Treatment for Infertility\u2014An Innovative Treatment for Endometriosis-Related Infertility?","volume":"54","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.58657","article-title":"Protopanaxadiol Improves Endometriosis Associated Infertility and Miscarriage in Sex Hormones Receptors-Dependent and Independent Manners","volume":"17","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis, J.L., Rosa, N.N., \u00c2ngelo-Dias, M., Martins, C., Borrego, L.M., and Lima, J. (2022). Natural Killer Cell Receptors and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010331"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02772-5","article-title":"The Prospects of Cell Therapy for Endometriosis","volume":"40","author":"Artemova","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"hoac023","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac023","article-title":"Diagnosing Chronic Endometritis: When Simplification Fails to Clarify","volume":"2022","author":"Murtinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitaya, K., and Yasuo, T. (2023). Commonalities and Disparities between Endometriosis and Chronic Endometritis: Therapeutic Potential of Novel Antibiotic Treatment Strategy against Ectopic Endometrium. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032059"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13735","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13735","article-title":"The Effectiveness and Safety of Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Low Levels of Endometrial FoxP3+ Cells: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"90","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Rep. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"hoac009","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac009","article-title":"ESHRE Guideline: Endometriosis\u2020","volume":"2022","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/2\/240\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:27:34Z","timestamp":1760027254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/2\/240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["life15020240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15020240","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]}}}