{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:02:06Z","timestamp":1792717326055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with survivors often developing post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), characterized by systemic inflammation, ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury (IRI), and multiorgan dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI), a frequent complication, is associated with increased mortality and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays. This study evaluates AKI incidence and progression in cardiac arrest patients managed with different temperature protocols and explores urinary biomarkers\u2019 predictive value for AKI risk. Methods: A prospective, single-center observational study was conducted, including patients with Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) post-cardiac arrest. Patients were stratified into three groups: therapeutic hypothermia (TH) at 33 \u00b0C, Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) at 35 \u00b0C, and no temperature management (No TTM). AKI was defined using KDIGO criteria, with serum creatinine and urinary biomarkers (TIMP-2 and IGFBP7) measured at regular intervals during ICU stay. Results: AKI incidence at 72 h was 31%, varying across protocols. It was higher in the No TTM group at 24 h and in the TH and TTM groups during rewarming. Persistent serum creatinine elevation and fluid imbalance were notable in the TH group. Biomarkers indicated moderate tubular stress in the TTM and No TTM groups. Conclusions: AKI is a frequent complication post-cardiac arrest, with the rewarming phase identified as critical for renal vulnerability. Tailored renal monitoring, biomarker-guided risk assessment, and precise temperature protocols are essential to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T09:29:26Z","timestamp":1739179766000},"page":"265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute Kidney Injury in Patients After Cardiac Arrest: Effects of Targeted Temperature Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Medical Sciences\u2014CISMed, University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena 1, 38122 Trento, Italy"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, 38121 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6088-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Lassola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, 38121 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Visconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"},{"name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6383-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"De Cal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, (IRRIV Foundation), Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1095-6562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Cattin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Rizzello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Lampariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Zannato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicio","family":"Danzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Marcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zabel, K.M., Quazi, M.A., Leyba, K., Millhuff, A.C., Madi, M., Madrid, W.H., Goyal, A., Bilal, M.I., Sohail, A.H., and Sagheer, S. 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