{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:59:48Z","timestamp":1783490388048,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diquafosol sodium is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that is garnering much interest for its potential therapeutic benefits in ocular surface management. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of diquafosol\u2019s pharmacology, clinical effectiveness, and role in the evolving landscape of ocular surface management. Future research should focus on optimising formulations, treatment duration, and exploring potential combination therapies to maximise therapeutic outcomes. By targeting underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, diquafosol represents a significant advancement in ocular surface management and a valuable addition to existing therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15030484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T11:04:22Z","timestamp":1742209462000},"page":"484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Utility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9504-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea Qiu Lin","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2247-0949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duoduo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Yun","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, National Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanche Xiaohong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, National Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6255-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendrick Co","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3986-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, National Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"},{"name":"Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris Hong Long","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore"},{"name":"Center for Sustainable Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore"},{"name":"Cornea and Oculoplastics Units, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth 6000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2189749","article-title":"Novel therapeutics for dry eye disease","volume":"55","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1159\/000525696","article-title":"Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye Disease in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"65","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020503","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.020503","article-title":"Variations of dry eye disease prevalence by age, sex and geographic characteristics in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-013-0009-1","article-title":"Dry Eye Disease: Impact on Quality of Life and Vision","volume":"1","author":"Uchino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Ophthalmol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70043-5","article-title":"Utility assessment to measure the impact of dry eye disease","volume":"4","author":"Buchholz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, W., Luo, Y., Wu, S., Niu, X., Yan, Y., Qiao, C., Ming, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., and Chen, D. (2021). Estimated Annual Economic Burden of Dry Eye Disease Based on a Multi-Center Analysis in China: A Retrospective Study. Front. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.771352"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181f7f363","article-title":"The economic burden of dry eye disease in the United States: A decision tree analysis","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000643","article-title":"A New Perspective on Dry Eye Classification: Proposal by the Asia Dry Eye Society","volume":"46","author":"Tsubota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Des13","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23700","article-title":"Tear Film-Oriented Diagnosis and Tear Film-Oriented Therapy for Dry Eye Based on Tear Film Dynamics","volume":"59","author":"Yokoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S349596","article-title":"Pulsed Light Therapy in the Management of Dry Eye Disease: Current Perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Marta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601186","article-title":"Oral antioxidant therapy for marginal dry eye","volume":"55","author":"Blades","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102344","article-title":"Low-level light therapy and intense pulse light therapy in meibomian gland dysfunction. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-012-0033-9","article-title":"Diquafosol ophthalmic solution for dry eye treatment","volume":"29","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima, T., Nagata, T., Kudo, H., M\u00fcller-Lierheim, W.G.K., van Setten, G.B., Dogru, M., and Tsubota, K. (2020). The Effects of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drop Application in Environmental Dry Eye Stress Model Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103516"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06083-4","article-title":"Topical diquafosol versus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of dry eye disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"261","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00068-X","article-title":"Localization of ocular P2Y2 receptor gene expression by in situ hybridization","volume":"77","author":"Cowlen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000076887","article-title":"Diquafosol elicits increases in net Cl- transport through P2Y2 receptor stimulation in rabbit conjunctiva","volume":"36","author":"Murakami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"114","article-title":"Diquafosol ophthalmic solution enhances mucin expression via ERK activation in human conjunctival epithelial cells with hyperosmotic stress","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2025, February 09). Report on the Deliberation Results. Available online: https:\/\/www.pmda.go.jp\/files\/000153954.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jun, I., Choi, S., Lee, G.Y., Choi, Y.J., Lee, H.K., Kim, E.K., Seo, K.Y., and Kim, T.I. (2019). Effects of Preservative-free 3% Diquafosol in Patients with Pre-existing Dry Eye Disease after Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49159-0"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2025, February 12). Inspire Announces Results of Phase 3 PROLACRIA Trial for Dry Eye. Fierce Biotech. Available online: https:\/\/www.fiercebiotech.com\/biotech\/inspire-announces-results-of-phase-3-prolacria-trial-for-dry-eye."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.010","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with dry eye syndrome: A Japanese phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"119","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301448","article-title":"A randomised, double-masked comparison study of diquafosol versus sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solutions in dry eye patients","volume":"96","author":"Takamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000133993.14768.a9","article-title":"Double-masked, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy trial of diquafosol tetrasodium (INS365) ophthalmic solution for the treatment of dry eye","volume":"23","author":"Tauber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306084","article-title":"A randomised, parallel-group comparison study of diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with dry eye in China and Singapore","volume":"99","author":"Gong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.166","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the additive effect of diquafosol tetrasodium on sodium hyaluronate monotherapy in patients with dry eye syndrome: A prospective, randomized, multicenter study","volume":"26","author":"Kamiya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000213","article-title":"Additive Effect of preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% in treatment of dry eye syndrome with diquafosol 3% eye drops","volume":"33","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182930b1d","article-title":"Effects of diquafosol sodium eye drops on tear film stability in short BUT type of dry eye","volume":"32","author":"Iseda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01188-x","article-title":"Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Diquafosol for the Treatment of Dry Eye in a Real-World Setting: A Prospective Observational Study","volume":"37","author":"Ohashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13085","article-title":"Nucleotide signalling during inflammation","volume":"509","author":"Idzko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-010-8115-7","article-title":"P2Y2 nucleotide receptor-mediated responses in brain cells","volume":"41","author":"Peterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kargarpour, Z., Cicko, S., K\u00f6hler, T.C., Zech, A., Stoshikj, S., Bal, C., Renner, A., Idzko, M., and El-Gazzar, A. (2023). Blocking P2Y2 purinergic receptor prevents the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1310098"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-019-09678-x","article-title":"Reviewing the role of P2Y receptors in specific gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"15","author":"Bellefeuille","year":"2019","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08296","article-title":"Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance","volume":"461","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2014.915026","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic evaluation of diquafosol tetrasodium for the treatment of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Gicquel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S242764","article-title":"Effect of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Airflow-Induced Ocular Surface Disorder in Diabetic Rats","volume":"14","author":"Dota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.10.013","article-title":"Diquafosol promotes corneal epithelial healing via intracellular calcium-mediated ERK activation","volume":"143","author":"Byun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.009","article-title":"Facilitation of tear fluid secretion by 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in normal human eyes","volume":"157","author":"Yokoi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200007000-00019","article-title":"The height and radius of the tear meniscus and methods for examining these parameters","volume":"19","author":"Oguz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200005001-00008","article-title":"Reflective meniscometry: A new field of dry eye assessment","volume":"19","author":"Yokoi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.54","article-title":"The increase of aqueous tear volume by diquafosol sodium in dry-eye patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A pilot study","volume":"30","author":"Yokoi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3932-x","article-title":"The effects of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drop application on meibomian gland and ocular surface alterations in the Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1) knockout mice","volume":"256","author":"Ikeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endo, K.I., Sakamoto, A., and Fujisawa, K. (2021). Diquafosol tetrasodium elicits total cholesterol release from rabbit meibomian gland cells via P2Y(2) purinergic receptor signalling. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86433-6"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.005","article-title":"Increase in tear film lipid layer thickness after instillation of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in healthy human eyes","volume":"15","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuoka, S., and Arita, R. (2019). Tear film lipid layer increase after diquafosol instillation in dry eye patients with meibomian gland dysfunction: A randomized clinical study. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45475-7"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1684","article-title":"Expression of secretory mucin genes by human conjunctival epithelia","volume":"37","author":"Inatomi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00204-5","article-title":"Distribution of mucins at the ocular surface","volume":"78","author":"Gipson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32830e6b04","article-title":"Functions of ocular surface mucins in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Mantelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Y., Seo, K.Y., and Kim, S.W. (2024). Comparing two mucin secretagogues for the treatment of dry eye disease: A prospective randomized crossover trial. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63784-4"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2016.0092","article-title":"Comparison of Short-Term Effects of Diquafosol and Rebamipide on Mucin 5AC Level on the Rabbit Ocular Surface","volume":"33","author":"Hori","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.05.022","article-title":"Conjunctival expression of the P2Y2 receptor and the effects of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution in dogs","volume":"202","author":"Terakado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_268_23","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of topical diquafosol for the treatment of dry eye disease: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2015.0062","article-title":"Immediate Effects of 3% Diquafosol and 0.1% Hyaluronic Acid Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Break-Up Time in Normal Human Eyes","volume":"31","author":"Nam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.04.015","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of tears in dry eye disease: A prospective, double-blind multicenter study","volume":"29","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2022.0031","article-title":"Effectiveness of Topical Cyclosporin A 0.1%, Diquafosol Tetrasodium 3%, and Their Combination, in Dry Eye Disease","volume":"38","author":"Eom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302668","article-title":"Topical diquafosol for patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"97","author":"Arita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2019.10.06","article-title":"Changes of tear film lipid layer thickness by 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solutions in patients with dry eye syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-013-0251-y","article-title":"Long-term results of treatment with diquafosol ophthalmic solution for aqueous-deficient dry eye","volume":"57","author":"Koh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e671","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12443","article-title":"Effect of diquafosol ophthalmic solution on the optical quality of the eyes in patients with aqueous-deficient dry eye","volume":"92","author":"Koh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.125","article-title":"Three percent diquafosol ophthalmic solution as an additional therapy to existing artificial tears with steroids for dry-eye patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Yokoi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000455","article-title":"Long-Term Topical Diquafosol Tetrasodium Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Caused by Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Retrospective Study","volume":"44","author":"Yamane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000523","article-title":"Long-term rebamipide and diquafosol in two cases of immune-mediated dry eye","volume":"92","author":"Yamane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-016-0430-8","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the effect of diquafosol ophthalmic solution in glaucoma patients with dry eye syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Ha, J.Y., Piao, H.L., Sung, M.S., and Park, S.W. (2020). The protective effect of 3% diquafosol on meibomian gland morphology in glaucoma patients treated with prostaglandin analogs: A 12-month follow-up study. BMC Ophthalmol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01550-6"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02589-8","article-title":"Evaluation of effects of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution on preocular tear film stability after trabeculectomy","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.12.002","article-title":"Clinical Effects and Safety of 3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution for Patients with Dry Eye After Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"163","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00940-z","article-title":"Effect of Long-Acting Diquafosol Sodium on Astigmatism Measurement Repeatability in Preoperative Cataract Cases with Dry Eyes: A Multicenter Prospective Study","volume":"13","author":"Teshigawara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e303","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000490","article-title":"Intraocular Scattering after Instillation of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution","volume":"92","author":"Kobashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000877","article-title":"Diquafosol for Soft Contact Lens Dryness: Clinical Evaluation and Tear Analysis","volume":"93","author":"Shigeyasu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5534","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01910-8","article-title":"The Effect of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Clinical Parameters and Visual Function in Soft Contact Lens-Related Dry Eye","volume":"38","author":"Ogami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101757","article-title":"Long-term changes in the ocular surface during orthokeratology lens wear and their correlations with ocular discomfort symptoms","volume":"46","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Wu, Q., Tang, Y., Wu, H., Luo, Z., Gao, W., Hu, Z., Hou, L., Wang, M., and Yang, Z. (2023). Short-term application of diquafosol ophthalmic solution benefits children with dry eye wearing orthokeratology lens. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1130117"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.13397","article-title":"Combination Therapy with Diquafosol Sodium and Sodium Hyaluronate in Eyes with Dry Eye Disease After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000136","article-title":"Effect of diquafosol tetrasodium eye drop for persistent dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"33","author":"Mori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., Di, Y., and Li, Y. (2023). Combination therapy with 3% diquafosol tetrasodium ophthalmic solution and sodium hyaluronate: An effective therapy for patients with dry eye after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1160499"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsumoto, Y., Ibrahim, O.M.A., Kojima, T., Dogru, M., Shimazaki, J., and Tsubota, K. (2020). Corneal In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Findings in Dry Eye Patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10070497"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02194-2","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of the Long-Acting Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution DE-089C in Patients with Dry Eye: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study","volume":"39","author":"Hori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishikawa, S., Sasaki, T., Maruyama, T., Murayama, K., and Shinoda, K. (2023). Effectiveness and Adherence of Dry Eye Patients Who Switched from Short- to Long-Acting Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134495"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arita, R., Fukuoka, S., and Kaido, M. (2024). Tolerability of Diquas LX on tear film and meibomian glands findings in a real clinical scenario. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305020"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2019.0046","article-title":"Effect of Diquafosol on Hyperosmotic Stress-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 and Interleukin-6 Expression in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-022-00586-8","article-title":"Patient Medication Preferences for Managing Dry Eye Disease: The Importance of Medication Side Effects","volume":"15","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Patient"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00669-1","article-title":"Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Focus on Tear Film Characteristics and the Therapeutic Landscape","volume":"12","author":"Sheppard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.007","article-title":"Incidence, demographics, types and risk factors of dry eye disease in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics report I","volume":"17","author":"Donthineni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2808_22","article-title":"Aqueous-deficient dry eye disease: Preferred practice pattern guidelines on clinical approach, diagnosis, and management","volume":"71","author":"Donthineni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00438-1","article-title":"Acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"9","author":"Malard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-042853","article-title":"Donor-derived thymic-dependent T cells cause chronic graft-versus-host disease","volume":"109","author":"Sakoda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.06.031","article-title":"Understanding Ocular Graft-versus-Host Disease to Facilitate an Integrated Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":"30","author":"Surico","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.10.006","article-title":"Eyelid blood vessel and meibomian gland changes in a sclerodermatous chronic GVHD mouse model","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.09.009","article-title":"Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Route of Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease Progression That Drives a Vicious Cycle of Ocular Surface Inflammatory Damage","volume":"247","author":"Perez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090318","article-title":"Epithelial mesenchymal transition in human ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease","volume":"175","author":"Ogawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27843","article-title":"Graft Versus Host Disease-Associated Dry Eye: Role of Ocular Surface Mucins and the Effect of Rebamipide, a Mucin Secretagogue","volume":"60","author":"Shamloo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.05.012","article-title":"Impact of glaucoma medications on the ocular surface and how ocular surface disease can influence glaucoma treatment","volume":"29","author":"Kolko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000544","article-title":"Ocular Surface Disease and Glaucoma Medications: A Clinical Approach","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.65.9.603","article-title":"Effects of long-term treatment with timolol on lacrimal gland function","volume":"65","author":"Coakes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.4.339","article-title":"Effect of timolol with and without preservative on the basal tear turnover in glaucoma","volume":"79","author":"Kuppens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001181","article-title":"Influence of Pilocarpine and Timolol on Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"460483","article-title":"The effects of topical antiglaucoma drugs as monotherapy on the ocular surface: A prospective study","volume":"2014","author":"Acikgoz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000327","article-title":"Understanding the Dual Dilemma of Dry Eye and Glaucoma: An International Review","volume":"9","author":"Nijm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000495","article-title":"The Association of Chronic Topical Prostaglandin Analog Use with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Mocan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000351","article-title":"Unilateral Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy: A Syndrome Involving Upper Eyelid Retraction Distinguishable from the Aging Sunken Eyelid","volume":"31","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.10.014","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride-induced direct and indirect toxicity on corneal epithelial and trigeminal neuronal cells: Proinflammatory and apoptotic responses in vitro","volume":"319","author":"Vitoux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2022.07.012","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride, a common ophthalmic preservative, compromises rat corneal cold sensitive nerve activity","volume":"26","author":"Ivakhnitskaia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"684","article-title":"Corneal sensitivity in patients treated medically for glaucoma or ocular hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Alalwani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fr. Ophtalmol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.10.019","article-title":"An in vivo confocal microscopy analysis of effects of topical antiglaucoma therapy with preservative on corneal innervation and morphology","volume":"147","author":"Martone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-010-0070-1","article-title":"Effects of benzalkonium chloride-preserved, polyquad-preserved, and sofZia-preserved topical glaucoma medications on human ocular epithelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Ammar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000335984","article-title":"Reduced in vivo ocular surface toxicity with polyquad-preserved travoprost versus benzalkonium-preserved travoprost or latanoprost ophthalmic solutions","volume":"48","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2024.08.001","article-title":"Preservatives and ocular surface disease: A review","volume":"34","author":"Kahook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31847-0","article-title":"Ocular surface alteration after long-term treatment with an antiglaucomatous drug","volume":"99","author":"Herreras","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"415","article-title":"Impact of short-term exposure of commercial eyedrops preserved with benzalkonium chloride on precorneal mucin","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.004","article-title":"Tear cytokine profile of glaucoma patients treated with preservative-free or preserved latanoprost","volume":"15","author":"Urcelay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31825af67d","article-title":"Preservative exposure and surgical outcomes in glaucoma patients: The PESO study","volume":"22","author":"Boimer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomi\u0107, M., Ka\u0161telan, S., Soldo, K.M., and Salopek-Rabati\u0107, J. (2013). Influence of BAK-preserved prostaglandin analog treatment on the ocular surface health in patients with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma. BioMed Res. Int., 2013.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/603782"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8111","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14504","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride induces subconjunctival fibrosis through the COX-2-modulated activation of a TGF-\u03b21\/Smad3 signaling pathway","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090230060021","article-title":"Adverse effects of topical antiglaucoma medication. II. The outcome of filtration surgery","volume":"112","author":"Broadway","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.08.022","article-title":"Aqueous Chlorhexidine for Intravitreal Injection Antisepsis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature","volume":"123","author":"Merani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_566_2021","article-title":"Review: Perspective on ocular toxicity of presurgical skin preparations utilizing Chlorhexidine Gluconate\/Hibiclens\/Chloraprep","volume":"12","author":"Epstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020040125020","article-title":"Chlorhexidine Effects on Corneal Epithelium and Endothelium","volume":"98","author":"Green","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.26.6.793","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate for ocular antisepsis","volume":"26","author":"Hamill","year":"1984","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"1789","article-title":"The course of dry eye following phacoemulsification and manual\u2014SICS: A prospective study based on Indian scenario","volume":"16","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Eye Sci."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S129178","article-title":"Influence on ocular surface after cataract surgery and effect of topical diquafosol on postoperative dry eye: A multicenter prospective randomized study","volume":"11","author":"Miyake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.06.016","article-title":"Conjunctival Goblet Cell Density Following Cataract Surgery with Diclofenac Versus Diclofenac and Rebamipide: A Randomized Trial","volume":"181","author":"Kato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-012-0117-8","article-title":"Changes in the tear film and ocular surface after cataract surgery","volume":"56","author":"Oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2006.02.006","article-title":"Evaluation of povidone-iodine as a disinfectant solution for contact lenses: Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity for corneal epithelial cells","volume":"29","author":"Yanai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2008.0098","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of preservatives on immortalized corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Epstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000001","article-title":"Phototoxic effects of an operating microscope on the ocular surface and tear film","volume":"33","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.11.003","article-title":"Dry eye following cataract surgery: The effect of light exposure using an in-vitro model","volume":"41","author":"Ipek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01387-1","article-title":"Outcomes of phacoemulsification in patients with dry eye","volume":"28","author":"Ram","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cataract. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Kim, M.K., Ha, Y., Paik, H.J., and Kim, D.H. (2021). Improved accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation by preoperative management of dry eye disease. BMC Ophthalmol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02129-5"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S120159","article-title":"The Prospective Health Assessment of Cataract Patients\u2019 Ocular Surface (PHACO) study: The effect of dry eye","volume":"11","author":"Trattler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.01.016","article-title":"Effect of tear osmolarity on repeatability of keratometry for cataract surgery planning","volume":"41","author":"Epitropoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cataract. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2023.04.016","article-title":"Effect of dry eye on the reliability of keratometry for cataract surgery planning","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Fr. Ophtalmol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiraoka, T., Asano, H., Ogami, T., Nakano, S., Okamoto, Y., Yamada, Y., and Oshika, T. (2022). Influence of Dry Eye Disease on the Measurement Repeatability of Corneal Curvature Radius and Axial Length in Patients with Cataract. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030710"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Des102","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23685","article-title":"Contact Lens-Associated Dry Eye Disease: Recent Advances Worldwide and in Japan","volume":"59","author":"Kojima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.012","article-title":"Contact lens wear is associated with decrease of meibomian glands","volume":"116","author":"Arita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000283","article-title":"Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution Increases Pre- and Postlens Tear Film During Contact Lens Wear in Rabbit Eyes","volume":"43","author":"Nagahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.07.001","article-title":"Vision-related quality of life of Chinese children undergoing orthokeratology treatment compared to single vision spectacles","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report","volume":"15","author":"Willcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"198","article-title":"Analysis of corneal complications in children wearing orthokeratology lenses at night","volume":"53","author":"Miao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.10.006","article-title":"The incidence and risk factors for developing dry eye after myopic LASIK","volume":"141","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3406_22","article-title":"Refractive surgery and dry eye\u2014An update","volume":"71","author":"Nair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.11.001","article-title":"Comparison of tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles changes between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0337","article-title":"Preoperative characteristics and a potential mechanism of chronic dry eye after LASIK","volume":"49","author":"Konomi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4903831","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4903831","article-title":"Dry Eye Post-Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis: Major Review and Latest Updates","volume":"2018","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12993","article-title":"Assessment of meibomian glands and tear film in post-refractive surgery patients","volume":"45","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchino, M., Yokoi, N., Shimazaki, J., Hori, Y., Tsubota, K., and on behalf of the Japan Dry Eye Society (2022). Adherence to Eye Drops Usage in Dry Eye Patients and Reasons for Non-Compliance: A Web-Based Survey. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020367"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.06.008","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction is the primary determinant of dry eye symptoms: Analysis of 2346 patients","volume":"18","author":"Teo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05199-9","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of lipid layer thickness and blinking in children with allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"259","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/3\/484\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:55:08Z","timestamp":1760028908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/3\/484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["life15030484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15030484","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]}}}