{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:17:33Z","timestamp":1793578653922,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IBIMA (Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform)","award":["CPII22-00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII22-00013"]}]},{"name":"IBIMA (Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform)","award":["C1-0002-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1-0002-2022"]}]},{"name":"IBIMA (Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform)","award":["CB06\/03\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/03\/0018"]}]},{"name":"IBIMA (Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform)","award":["PI-0297-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0297-2018"]}]},{"name":"IBIMA (Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform)","award":["C-0028-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-0028-2018"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII","award":["CPII22-00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII22-00013"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII","award":["C1-0002-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1-0002-2022"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII","award":["CB06\/03\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/03\/0018"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII","award":["PI-0297-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0297-2018"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII","award":["C-0028-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-0028-2018"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CPII22-00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII22-00013"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["C1-0002-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1-0002-2022"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["CB06\/03\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/03\/0018"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["PI-0297-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0297-2018"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["C-0028-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-0028-2018"]}]},{"name":"Malaga University, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["CPII22-00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII22-00013"]}]},{"name":"Malaga University, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["C1-0002-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1-0002-2022"]}]},{"name":"Malaga University, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["CB06\/03\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/03\/0018"]}]},{"name":"Malaga University, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["PI-0297-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0297-2018"]}]},{"name":"Malaga University, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["C-0028-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-0028-2018"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud de Andaluc\u00eda (Spain)","award":["CPII22-00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII22-00013"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud de Andaluc\u00eda (Spain)","award":["C1-0002-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1-0002-2022"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud de Andaluc\u00eda (Spain)","award":["CB06\/03\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/03\/0018"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud de Andaluc\u00eda (Spain)","award":["PI-0297-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0297-2018"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud de Andaluc\u00eda (Spain)","award":["C-0028-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-0028-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is increasing evidence supporting the use of morphofunctional assessment (MFA) as a tool for clinical characterization and decision-making in malnourished patients. MFA enables the diagnosis of malnutrition, sarcopenia, obesity, and cachexia, leading to a novel phenotype-based classification of nutritional disorders. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIVA), nutritional ultrasound\u00ae (NU) and computed tomography (CT) are included, along with functional tests like the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Myoesteatosis, detectable via CT, can occur independently from nutritional phenotypes and has been identified as a significant mortality predictor in idiophatic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim is to analyze the prevalence and overlap of nutritional phenotypes in IPF and evaluate the prognostic value of myoesteatosis. Our bicenter cross-sectional study included 82 IPF patients (84.1% male and with a medium age of 71.1 \u00b1 7.35 years). MFA was performed using BIVA, NU, CT at the T12 level (CT-T12), the handgrip strength (HGS) test, and the TUG. CT-T12 BC parameters were analyzed using FocusedON\u00ae software, while statistical analyses were conducted with JAMOVI version 2.3.22. All four major nutritional phenotypes were represented in our cohort, with significant overlap. A total of 80.5% met the GLIM criteria for malnutrition, 14.6% had cachexia, 17% were sarcopenic, and 28% were obese. Of the obese patients, 70% were also malnourished, while 100% of sarcopenic obese patients (5.9% of total) had malnutrition. A total of 55% of sarcopenic patients with available CT also had myosteatosis, suggesting muscle quality deterioration as a potential driver of functional impairment. The presence of myosteatosis &gt; 15% in T12-CT was an independent predictor of 12-month mortality (HR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.01\u20139.70; p = 0.049), with survival rates of 78.1% vs. 96.6% in patients with vs. without myosteatosis, respectively. To conclude, this study underscores the relevance of MFA in the nutritional characterization of patients with IPF, demonstrating its potential to identify specific phenotypes associated with malnutrition, functional impairment, and the presence of myoesteatosis, thereby providing a valuable tool for clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15040516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T11:06:48Z","timestamp":1742555208000},"page":"516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Nutritional Phenotyping of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Morphofunctional Assessment: A Bicentric Cross-Sectional Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0569-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Sanmart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7469-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology, M\u00e1laga University, 29016 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Quironsalud M\u00e1laga Hospital, Av. Imperio Argentina, 29004 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Cabrera-C\u00e9sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neumology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Esp\u00edldora-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neumology, Regional University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Vegas-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Amaya-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9941-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiorella Ximena","family":"Palmas-Candia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Vall D\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefina","family":"Olivares-Alcolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Mallorca, 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M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), M\u00e1laga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6482-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mora","family":"Murri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), M\u00e1laga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Heart Area, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8473-4279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Guirado-Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Tinahones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology, M\u00e1laga University, 29016 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), M\u00e1laga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Velasco-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neumology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8570-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Manuel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology, M\u00e1laga University, 29016 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Quironsalud M\u00e1laga Hospital, Av. Imperio Argentina, 29004 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), M\u00e1laga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL","article-title":"An Official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT Statement: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Evidence-based Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management","volume":"183","author":"Raghu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. 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