{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:06:25Z","timestamp":1760058385599,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ectopic ureters are uncommon congenital abnormalities in dogs, leading to urinary incontinence. Ectopic ureters can be intramural or extramural. Intramural is usually the more prevalent form. Female dogs are affected more often than male dogs. This disease requires the surgical correction of the ureters. Three surgical techniques have been described in this regard: neoureterostomy, nephroureterectomy, and ureteroneocystostomy. In this study, we present minimally invasive surgical procedures for treating extra- and intramural ectopic ureters. Sixteen client-owned dogs with clinical signs of urinary incontinence due to ectopic ureters underwent surgery. Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomies were performed to correct three extramural cases and one atypical intramural case of ectopic ureters. Additionally, cystoscopically guided laser ablation was used to correct 12 cases of intramural ectopic ureters. In all cases, the procedures were achieved without the need for conversion to open surgery. Among the minor complications, slight hematuria and a few cases of cystitis, which responded to conservative treatment, were noted. Major postoperative complications were not observed. Only one out of sixteen dogs failed to regain urinary continence, but it responded to pharmacological treatment. In conclusion, cases of ectopic ureters may benefit from minimally invasive surgical techniques when their use is feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15040548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T06:06:35Z","timestamp":1743141995000},"page":"548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques for the Treatment of Dogs with Urinary Incontinence Due to Ureteral Ectopia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3596-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Prz\u0105dka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2690-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Liszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Krajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylwester","family":"Gerus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludwika","family":"G\u0105sior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2065-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Anto\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Skrzypczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Kubiak-Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Hebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Suliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zdzis\u0142aw","family":"Kie\u0142bowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Patkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1973.tb06478.x","article-title":"Canine Ureteral Ectopia\u2014A Review. 1. 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Assoc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.136.14.345","article-title":"Canine Ureteral Ectopia: An Analysis of 175 Cases and Comparison of Surgical Treatments","volume":"136","author":"Holt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.21.03.0153","article-title":"Cystoscopic-Guided Scissor Transection of Intramural Ectopic Ureters as a Novel Alternate Minimally Invasive Treatment Option to Laser Ablation in Female Dogs: 8 Cases (2011\u20132020)","volume":"260","author":"Jacobson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prz\u0105dka, P., Liszka, B., G\u0105sior, L., Anto\u0144czyk, A., Skrzypczak, P., Kie\u0142bowicz, Z., Kubiak-Nowak, D., Gerus, S., and Patkowski, D. (2023). Laparoscopic Ureteroneocystostomy in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence Due to Ectopy of the Ureters in Female Dogs: A Pilot Study. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292485"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2015.04.028","article-title":"Diagnostic Work-up and Laparoscopic Correction of an Ectopic Ureter","volume":"11","author":"Cezarino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382012000200012","article-title":"Laparoscopic Ureteropyeloanastomosis in the Treatment of Duplex System","volume":"38","author":"Hisano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Braz. J. 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Assoc."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/4\/548\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:02:46Z","timestamp":1760029366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/4\/548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["life15040548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15040548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]}}}