{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T22:49:08Z","timestamp":1779317348332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review aimed to analyze the implications of endurance exercise in environments with certain levels of air pollution. This study was developed on the basis of the consensus of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The present review is supported by articles containing the main databases PubMed, Elsevier, and Web of Science (WoS), including scientific articles published in the last 20 years. This study highlights that exposure to air pollution during endurance activities, such as cycling and outdoor running, significantly affects cardiopulmonary health. In conclusion, while physical exercise in environments with high air pollution presents significant risks to cardiopulmonary health, implementing preventive measures and adopting public policies are crucial to minimizing these impacts and promoting safe exercise practices. Likewise, on the basis of these results, it is possible to motivate the creation of safe and natural spaces for sports practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15040595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T11:31:00Z","timestamp":1743766260000},"page":"595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Air Pollution and Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects on Cardiopulmonary Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD-NARS), Cl\u00ednica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab&Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5711-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Tuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Sport Sciences, Centro de Medicina Deportiva Sports MD, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2521156, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Braulio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ure\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD-NARS), Cl\u00ednica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab&Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Trejos-Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD-NARS), Cl\u00ednica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab&Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Olivares-Arancibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 7500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170124, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0717-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Rojas-Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD-NARS), Cl\u00ednica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab&Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Urban air pollution and respiratory infections","volume":"15","author":"Brugha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr. 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