{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T02:39:22Z","timestamp":1794364762387,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>TNF-\u03b1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses. It is predominantly produced by activated macrophages, although other cell types, such as T lymphocytes and NK cells, also contribute to its secretion. TNF-\u03b1 participates in various physiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, TNF-\u03b1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the important role of TNF-\u03b1 in neuropathic pain, a complex and frequently disabling condition caused by nerve injury or dysfunction. Increased TNF-\u03b1 levels in the nervous system have been associated with the onset of neuropathic pain, contributing to neuronal sensitization and alterations in pain signaling pathways. This study supports the idea that TNF-\u03b1 connects the immune system with the nervous system, thereby supporting our understanding of the neuroimmune interface of pain and bringing a potential treatment against neuropathic pain: targeting TNF-\u03b1. Anti-TNF-\u03b1 antibody administration reduces pain behaviors and neuroinflammation in preclinical animal models. Simultaneously, clinical trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of anti-TNF-\u03b1 treatments, with preliminary results indicating promising outcomes in patients experiencing neuropathic pain. Here, targeting TNF-\u03b1 goes beyond its conventional spectrum of inflammatory pathologies and initiates a new mechanism-based approach to defining neuropathic pain, thereby improving the quality of life of the individuals affected and bringing together an area of colossal unmet clinical need.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15050785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T10:27:41Z","timestamp":1747218461000},"page":"785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Role of TNF-\u03b1 in Neuropathic Pain: An Immunotherapeutic Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","article-title":"The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: Concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc-2020-0124-gee","article-title":"The Revised IASP Definition of Pain and Accompanying Notes: Considerations for the Physiotherapy Profession","volume":"73","author":"Vader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiother. 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