{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:33:33Z","timestamp":1790706813926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (Secihti) of Mexico CIENCIA DE FRONTERA 2023","award":["419-24-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["419-24-23"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (Secihti) of Mexico CIENCIA DE FRONTERA 2023","award":["740742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["740742"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (Secihti) of Mexico CIENCIA DE FRONTERA 2023","award":["769056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["769056"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (Secihti) of Mexico CIENCIA DE FRONTERA 2023","award":["842817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["842817"]}]},{"name":"Stephanie Viridiana Laredo-Tiscare\u00f1o scholarships","award":["419-24-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["419-24-23"]}]},{"name":"Stephanie Viridiana Laredo-Tiscare\u00f1o scholarships","award":["740742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["740742"]}]},{"name":"Stephanie Viridiana Laredo-Tiscare\u00f1o scholarships","award":["769056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["769056"]}]},{"name":"Stephanie Viridiana Laredo-Tiscare\u00f1o scholarships","award":["842817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["842817"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are important vectors of pathogens, including filarial nematodes, protozoans, and arboviruses, which significantly impact human and animal health. Although their role in arbovirus transmission has not been as thoroughly studied as that of mosquitoes and ticks, advances in molecular tools, particularly metagenomics, have enabled the identification of non-cultivable viruses, significantly enhancing our understanding of black-fly-borne viral diversity and their public and veterinary health implications. However, these methods can also detect insect-specific viruses (i.e., viruses that are unable to replicate in vertebrate hosts), which may lead to the incorrect classification of black flies as potential vectors. This underscores the need for further research into their ecological and epidemiological roles. This systematic review, conducted following the PRISMA protocol, compiled and analyzed evidence on arbovirus detection in Simuliidae from scientific databases. Several arboviruses were identified in these insects, including vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype (VSVNJ), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and Rift Valley fever virus. Additionally, in vitro studies evaluating the vector competence of Simuliidae for arboviruses such as dengue virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, and Sindbis virus were reviewed. These findings provide critical insights into the potential role of black flies in arbovirus transmission cycles, emphasizing their importance as vectors in both public and veterinary health contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15050807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T06:54:28Z","timestamp":1747724068000},"page":"807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Viruses in Simuliidae: An Updated Systematic Review of Arboviral Diversity and Vector Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Rivera-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Ju\u00e1rez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Viridiana","family":"Laredo-Tiscare\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Ju\u00e1rez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime R.","family":"Adame-Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1257-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick de Jes\u00fas de","family":"Luna-Santillana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Medicina de la Conservaci\u00f3n, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7532-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Ju\u00e1rez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6681-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n E.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rej\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Arbovirolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales \u201cDr. Hideyo Noguchi\u201d, Universidad de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97225, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Casas-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Regional de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9580-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier A.","family":"Garza-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Ju\u00e1rez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Mansonellosis: Current perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Crainey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. 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