{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:52:54Z","timestamp":1790949174480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biochemical monomer upcycling of plastic waste and its conversion into value-added products is deemed necessary, as it provides a greener and more sustainable solution to plastic waste management. In the current study, the polystyrene (PS) biodegradation potential of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium NA3 was evaluated using various analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biodegradation capacity of the fungal strain was further evaluated using a carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution test, which showed that the PS films treated with NA3 produced more CO2, indicating the strain\u2019s ability to successfully utilize PS as a carbon source. The FTIR analysis of the PS films treated with NA3 showed modifications in the polymer chemical structure, including the formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, which suggests the enzymatic dissociation of the polymer and the associated biodegradation mechanism. Pretreatments were found to be effective in modifying the polymer\u2019s properties, making it more susceptible to microbial degradation, thus further accelerating the biodegradation process. The current study strongly advocates that P. chrysosporium (NA3) can be effectively used for the biochemical monomer recovery of PS waste and could be further utilized in the upcycling of plastic waste for its conversion into value-added products under the concept of circular economy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T06:25:04Z","timestamp":1748499904000},"page":"869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigating the Polystyrene (PS) Biodegradation Potential of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Strain NA3: A Newly Isolated Soil Fungus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Adnan","family":"Shereen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 47150, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2736-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadia Mehmood","family":"Satti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 47150, Pakistan"},{"name":"Alpha Genomics (Pvt), PWD Society, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asim","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4549-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naima","family":"Atiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qudsia","family":"Yousafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safia","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kousar","family":"Parveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, The Women University Multan, Multan 66000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8621-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazih Y.","family":"Rebouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5483","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and applications of conductive polymers: A brief review","volume":"32","author":"Poddar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. 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