{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:27:10Z","timestamp":1769610430959,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2023","award":["GCU-202308810001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202308810001"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2023","award":["GCU-202410340001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202410340001"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2023","award":["P0025775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0025775"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2024","award":["GCU-202308810001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202308810001"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2024","award":["GCU-202410340001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202410340001"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2024","award":["P0025775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0025775"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE)","award":["GCU-202308810001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202308810001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE)","award":["GCU-202410340001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202410340001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE)","award":["P0025775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0025775"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individualized exercise therapy is crucial for effective postoperative rehabilitation. However, a widely accepted, standardized framework for measuring individual exercise capabilities after lumbar spine surgery (LSS) is lacking. This study aimed to develop a novel Exercise Rehabilitation Functional Group (ERFG) classification system to enable systematic, individualized rehabilitation after LSS. Eight exercise parameters and two clinical factors were assessed in 428 volunteers within 12 weeks of single-segment LSS to establish reference data for the ERFG. The study cohort included 411 participants (mean age 67.10 \u00b1 11.60; 128 males and 283 females) with an average postoperative interval of 42.96 \u00b1 20.25 days. Key metrics included lumbar spine ROM (mean 74.24 \u00b1 25.30\u00b0), trunk muscle strength (mean 15.71 \u00b1 5.14 kg), trunk muscle endurance (mean 95.80 \u00b1 35.66 s), whole-body flexibility (mean 3.30 \u00b1 10.65 cm), cardiopulmonary capability (mean 433.91 \u00b1 118.75 m), gait with affected single leg (mean 36.26 \u00b1 5.98%), single-leg balance (median 13.60 s), coordination capability (mean 8.21 \u00b1 3.23 s), EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level score (mean 9.39 \u00b1 4.17), and visual analog scale for low back pain (mean 3.78 \u00b1 2.55). Data were categorized into five grades using Cajori\u2019s five-grade mathematical method. Significant correlations were observed between the eight exercise parameters and two clinical factors. This study established a foundational framework for standardizing baseline exercise capabilities after LSS. This ERFG system may provide a basis for individualized rehabilitation strategies to enhance patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T07:44:23Z","timestamp":1749714263000},"page":"943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of an Exercise Rehabilitation Functional Group for Individualized Exercise After Lumbar Spine Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2815-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, #24, 74th Street Namdongdaero, Namdong-Gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1630-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Byeol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, #24, 74th Street Namdongdaero, Namdong-Gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2680-7692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan Jong","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, #24, 74th Street Namdongdaero, Namdong-Gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moon-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gachon Institute of Genome Medical and Science, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5696-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Rhae","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, #24, 74th Street Namdongdaero, Namdong-Gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7787-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Ang","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5921","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis: A review","volume":"327","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2022.2116686","article-title":"The effect of repeated flexion-based exercises versus extension-based exercises on the clinical outcomes of patients with lumbar disk herniation surgery: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"45","author":"Abdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. 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