{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:24:10Z","timestamp":1760059450901,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCTEM\/CNPq)","award":["465678\/2014-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465678\/2014-9"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)","award":["465678\/2014-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465678\/2014-9"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["465678\/2014-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465678\/2014-9"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serratia plymuthica, isolated from the midgut of Aedes aegypti, displays remarkable resilience to hemin, a toxic hemoglobin byproduct generated during blood digestion. This study explores its proteomic adaptations under oxidative stress induced by 5 mM hemin, mimicking midgut conditions. Growth assays demonstrated that S. plymuthica tolerated hemin concentrations ranging from 5 \u00b5M to 1 mM, reaching the stationary phase within approximately 10 h. Colonies exhibited morphological changes\u2014darkened peripheries and translucent halos\u2014suggesting heme accumulation and detoxification. Label-free quantitative proteomics identified 436 proteins, among which 28 were significantly upregulated\u2014including universal stress proteins (USPs), ABC transporters, and flavodoxin\u2014while 54 were downregulated, including superoxide dismutase and several ribosomal proteins. Upregulated proteins were associated with antioxidant defense, heme transport, and redox regulation, whereas downregulated proteins suggested metabolic reprogramming to conserve energy under stress. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant alterations in transmembrane transport, oxidative stress response, and central metabolism. These findings suggest that S. plymuthica contributes to redox homeostasis in the mosquito gut by mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxifying excess heme, supporting its role as a beneficial symbiont. The observed stress tolerance mechanisms may influence mosquito physiology and vector competence, offering novel insights into mosquito\u2013microbiota interactions and potential microbiota-based strategies for vector control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T03:53:12Z","timestamp":1749786792000},"page":"950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exceptional Heme Tolerance in Serratia plymuthica: Proteomic Insights into Oxidative Stress Adaptation in the Aedes aegypti Midgut"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"S\u00e2mella da Hora","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00edvea Cristina Cust\u00f3dio","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6501-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Aparecida Aride","family":"Bertonceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica e Fun\u00e7\u00e3o de Proteinas e Pept\u00eddeos, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Analiz de Oliveira","family":"Gaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9744-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Petroceli-Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo de Souza","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8253-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia Amorim","family":"Berbert-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5697-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanildo","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9 Alves","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05401-9","article-title":"Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus microbiome\/virome: New strategies for controlling arboviral transmission?","volume":"15","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. 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