{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:43:45Z","timestamp":1790700225497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiovascular disorders, especially atherosclerosis, have been associated with allergic inflammation. In addition to traditional inflammatory responses, there is evidence that the development and instability of coronary artery plaque may be influenced by effector cells of allergic inflammation. This review examines the phases of allergic pathology, the immunological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and the clinical link between allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), along with future therapeutic perspectives. Material and Method: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google scholar; ScienceDirect, Scopus, and studies published between 2014\u20132024 were taken into consideration. Keywords included allergic inflammation, eosinophils, mast cells, reactive oxygen species, atherosclerosis, Th2 cells, and cytokines. Epidemiological studies and review articles were included. Results: Emerging evidence suggests that allergic inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis through interconnected mechanisms such as eosinophil activation, reactive oxygen species production, mast cell degranulation, and endothelial dysfunction. Th2-driven immune responses, which are mediated by cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, as well as eosinophil activity and mast cell degranulation, play a crucial role in vascular inflammation and plaque progression. Additionally, changes in lipid metabolism contribute to this process. Epidemiological studies support this connection, indicating that patients with chronic allergic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis experience increased cardiovascular morbidity. However, most current data are observational, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in humans remains limited, often relying on insights gained from preclinical models. Conclusions: A potential mechanism for cardiovascular risk is suggested by the interaction between atherosclerosis and allergic inflammation. Promising alternatives for treating allergic inflammation and cardiovascular issues include novel treatments like cytokine inhibitors, mast cell stabilizers, and biologics that target certain pathways. Further research is necessary to see whether concentrating on allergy pathways could lead to innovative treatments for cardiovascular disorders or vice versa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1750134023000},"page":"964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Junction of Allergic Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: Pathways and Clinical Implications\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Valcovici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department VI\u2014Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai Sorin","family":"Iacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department VI\u2014Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0865-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhinav","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department VI\u2014Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Pah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department VI\u2014Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of 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Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2950-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca-Raluca","family":"Dinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XVI, Medical Recovery, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Assessment of Human Motion and Functionality and Disability, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Pius Brinzeu Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Bld Liviu Rebreanu, No. 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3892-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Ruxanda","family":"Dr\u0103gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department VI\u2014Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2824-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilima Rajpal","family":"Kundnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department VI\u2014Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","article-title":"Inflammation, 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