{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:24:35Z","timestamp":1760059475332,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["RS-2023-00249333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00249333"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. (EBB) is a traditional plant in Nepal with bioactive properties, including antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities. In this study, a methanol EBB extract was tested to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial (BV2) cells. EBB effectively suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide production and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin (IL)-6. In LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, EBB significantly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, IL-18, and IL-10 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, EBB significantly reduced the protein expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2, which were upregulated by LPS. Further, EBB could alleviate the inflammatory response in microglia by suppressing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. EBB also attenuated LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BV2 cells. In addition, EBB enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and mRNA expression. The present results show that an EBB extract could effectively suppress the neuroinflammatory response induced by LPS in BV2 cells. Accordingly, an EBB extract is a promising preventive agent against diseases involving neuroinflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T09:57:48Z","timestamp":1750327068000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yeo Dae","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanjiro, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8257-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna K.","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6206-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Hwa","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0","article-title":"Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Targets","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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