{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:00:57Z","timestamp":1792101657399,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan","award":["NSTC 112-2410-H-845-045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2410-H-845-045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the differential effects of an advanced Vivifrail D-level exercise intervention on arterial stiffness, functional fitness, and body composition in robust older women with varying baseline fitness levels. A total of 41 participants were assigned to a higher-fitness group (HFG, n = 22) or a lower-fitness group (LFG, n = 19) based on their 30 s chair stand performance. Over 12 weeks, both groups completed five weekly sessions incorporating strength, balance, aerobic, and dual-task elements. Significant within-group improvements were observed in the arm curl test (HFG: p = 0.031; LFG: p = 0.002), chair stand (LFG: p &lt; 0.001), and 2 min step test (LFG: p = 0.002). Between-group analysis showed greater percentage gains in the LFG for the chair stand (33.8% \u00b1 28.2% vs. 7.1% \u00b1 21.6%, p = 0.001) and step test (13.7% \u00b1 14.5% vs. 5.3% \u00b1 14.7%, p = 0.040). No significant changes were found in handgrip strength, gait speed, pulse wave velocity, or muscle mass. These results suggest that the modified Vivifrail protocol enhances lower-limb endurance in lower-fitness individuals, but additional adaptations may be necessary to impact vascular and compositional outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15070988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T06:10:27Z","timestamp":1750399827000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Functional Adaptations to Vivifrail Intervention Between Higher- and Lower-Fitness Healthy Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fang-Ru","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111036, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recreation and Sports Management, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111036, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3276-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111036, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Chi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111036, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsia-Ling","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111036, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, College of Science, University of Taipei, Taipei City 100234, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9380-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szu-Kai","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111036, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Council, N.D. 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BMC Geriatr., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04942-1"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/7\/988\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:55:33Z","timestamp":1760032533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/7\/988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["life15070988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15070988","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]}}}