{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:50:16Z","timestamp":1792857016315,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["682A02020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["682A02020"]}]},{"name":"Mae Fah Luang University","award":["682A02020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["682A02020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Theobroma cacao L. (cocoa) pod husk, a byproduct of the chocolate industry, has potential for commercial applications due to its bioactive compounds. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition, biological activity, and clinical efficacy of a standardized extract. This study compared 80% ethanol (CE) and 80% ethanol acidified (CEA) as extraction solvents. The result indicated that CEA yielded higher total phenolic content (170.98 \u00b1 7.41 mg GAE\/g extract) and total flavonoid content (3.91 \u00b1 0.27 mg QE\/g extract) than CE. Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\/MS\/MS) identified various phenolic and flavonoid compounds. CEA demonstrated stronger anti-oxidant (IC50 = 5.83 \u00b1 0.11 \u03bcg\/mL in the DPPH assay and 234.17 \u00b1 4.01 mg AAE\/g extract in the FRAP assay) compared to CE. Additionally, CEA exhibited anti-tyrosinase (IC50 = 9.51 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/mL), anti-glycation (IC50 = 62.32 \u00b1 0.18 \u00b5g\/mL), and anti-collagenase (IC50 = 0.43 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/mL), nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory (IC50 = 62.68 \u03bcg\/mL) activities, without causing toxicity to cells. A formulated lotion containing CEA (0.01\u20131.0% w\/w) demonstrated stability over six heating\u2013cooling cycles. A clinical study with 30 volunteers showed no skin irritation. The 1.0% w\/w formulation (F4) improved skin hydration (+52.48%), reduced transepidermal water loss (\u22127.73%), and decreased melanin index (\u22129.10%) after 4 weeks of application. These findings suggest cocoa pod husk extract as a promising active ingredient for skin hydrating and lightening formulation. Nevertheless, further long-term studies are necessary to evaluate its efficacy in anti-aging treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15071126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T13:00:51Z","timestamp":1752757251000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Upcycled Cocoa Pod Husk: A Sustainable Source of Phenol and Polyphenol Ingredients for Skin Hydration, Whitening, and Anti-Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aknarin","family":"Anatachodwanit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetics for Beauty and Wellness Research Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0771-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setinee","family":"Chanpirom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetics for Beauty and Wellness Research Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5288-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thapakorn","family":"Tree-Udom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetics for Beauty and Wellness Research Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunsiri","family":"Kitthaweesinpoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudarat","family":"Jiamphun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ongon","family":"Aryuwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2152-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cholpisut","family":"Tantapakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4533-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pilar","family":"Vinardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Bioquimica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8558-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tawanun","family":"Sripisut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetics for Beauty and Wellness Research Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garg, N. 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