{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:51:43Z","timestamp":1792630303047,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effects of a single-night sleep extension protocol on physical performance and cognitive function in physically active university students across different times of day. Using a within-subjects, counterbalanced crossover design, 24 physically active university students (17 males, 7 females; age: 22.7 \u00b1 1.6 years) completed performance assessments under normal-sleep and sleep-extension conditions. Participants\u2019 sleep was monitored via wrist actigraphy, and a comprehensive assessment battery comprising vertical jumps, Y-Balance tests, medicine-ball throws, 5 m shuttle-run tests, reaction-time tests, and digit-cancellation tests was administered at baseline (8 PM), morning (8 AM), and afternoon (4 PM). Sleep extension increased total sleep time by approximately 55 min (531.3 \u00b1 56.8 min vs. 476.5 \u00b1 64.2 min; p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.91). Significant improvements were observed in 5 m shuttle-run performance at 8 AM (best distance: 102.8 \u00b1 11.9 m vs. 93.3 \u00b1 8.5 m, p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.93; fatigue index: 13.1 \u00b1 8.3% vs. 21.2 \u00b1 9.5%, p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.90), squat-jump heights (28.2 \u00b1 8.0 cm vs. 26.3 \u00b1 7.2 cm, p = 0.005, d = 0.25), simple reaction time (252.8 \u00b1 55.3 ms vs. 296.4 \u00b1 75.2 ms, p &lt; 0.001, d = 0.66), and digit-cancellation performance (67.6 \u00b1 12.6 vs. 63.0 \u00b1 10.0 targets, p = 0.006, d = 0.40). Sleep extension significantly enhances both physical and cognitive performance in physically active individuals, with effects more pronounced during morning hours, partially attenuating typical circadian performance decline and establishing sleep extension as an effective, non-pharmacological strategy for optimizing performance capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T14:11:44Z","timestamp":1753366304000},"page":"1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Single-Night Sleep Extension Enhances Morning Physical and Cognitive Performance Across Time of Day in Physically Active University Students: A Randomized Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7080-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eya","family":"Bouzouraa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 8100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6221-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wissem","family":"Dhahbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 8100, Tunisia"},{"name":"Training Department, Police College, Qatar Police Academy, Doha 59J5+C7R, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymen","family":"Ferchichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 8100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8488-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad Adrian","family":"Geant\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310330 Arad, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Sport Science and Physical Education, Pite\u0219ti University Center, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 110253 Pite\u0219ti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai Ioan","family":"Kunszabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310330 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamdi","family":"Chtourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Unit \u201cPhysical Activity, Sport and Health\u201d, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1227-8221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nizar","family":"Souissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cPhysical Activity, Sport and Health\u201d, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0260-0","article-title":"Sleep and athletic performance: The effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise","volume":"45","author":"Fullagar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000418","article-title":"Sleep and Athletic Performance","volume":"16","author":"Watson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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