{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:36:26Z","timestamp":1760060186200,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education","award":["501-1-007-18-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501-1-007-18-25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Primary patellar dislocation is a relatively uncommon knee injury but carries a high risk of recurrence, particularly in young and physically active adolescent individuals. Anatomical features of the patellofemoral joint have been implicated as key contributors to instability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anatomical risk factors associated with recurrent patellar dislocation following a primary traumatic event, using MRI-based parameters. Methods: Fifty-four patients who sustained a first-time lateral patellar dislocation were included. MRI was used to measure tibial tuberosity\u2013trochlear groove (TT\u2013TG) distance, tibial tuberosity\u2013posterior cruciate ligament (TT\u2013PCL) distance, Insall\u2013Salvati ratio (IS), sulcus angle (SA), patellar tilt angle (PTA), patella length, and patellar tendon length. Trochlear dysplasia was assessed according to the Dejour classification. Recurrence was defined as a subsequent dislocation occurring within three years of the primary injury. Results: Significant differences were observed in TT\u2013TG distance and patellar tendon length (p &lt; 0.05). Patients with recurrent dislocation had lower TT\u2013TG values and shorter patellar tendon lengths. Other parameters, including PTA, IS, and patella height, did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Anatomical factors may contribute to the risk of recurrent patellar dislocation. Identifying these variables using imaging may support clinical decision making and guide individualized treatment plans following primary injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T15:30:06Z","timestamp":1754321406000},"page":"1239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predisposing Anatomical Patellofemoral Factors for Subsequent Patellar Dislocation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3547-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kupczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Tram\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopaedics, Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Liszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopaedics, Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Machnio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Jasiniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Bia\u0142ecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopaedics, Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4552-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Kami\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopaedics, Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802eb40a","article-title":"First-Time Traumatic Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review","volume":"455","author":"Stefancin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. 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