{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:38:35Z","timestamp":1760060315418,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adnexal tumors during pregnancy are rare, with a prevalence ranging from 0.05% to 3%, and in most cases, they are benign. Struma ovarii, a monodermal teratoma, consists of over 50% thyroid tissue and accounts for 2.7% of ovarian teratomas. It typically affects women aged 40\u201360 and is exceptionally rare during pregnancy. Diagnosis is often only established after surgical intervention and histological examination. We present the case of a 39-year-old pregnant woman (gravida 2, para 1) at 19 weeks of gestation who presented with acute lower abdominal pain. At her first visit at 11 weeks, ultrasound revealed a 12 cm multilocular left adnexal mass. Initial conservative management was followed by emergency laparoscopy due to suspected ovarian torsion, resulting in a left oophorectomy. Histopathology confirmed struma ovarii. Thyroid function tests (TSH, FT4) remained within normal limits throughout pregnancy. The pregnancy continued without further complications, culminating in a spontaneous vaginal delivery at 40 + 4 weeks of a healthy female infant weighing 3800 g. Due to the rarity of this condition, treatment guidelines remain undefined, with management decisions relying on limited case reports and clinical judgment. This report highlights the importance of detailed evaluation and individualized management in such uncommon presentations during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1755787564000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of Struma Ovarii in Pregnancy: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9148-9881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidoro","family":"Narbona Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga, Avenida Arroyo de los \u00c1ngeles S\/N, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Maternal-Foetal Medicine Epigenetics Women\u2019s Diseases and Reproductive Health, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Casta\u00f1o Fr\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga, Avenida Arroyo de los \u00c1ngeles S\/N, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Marfil Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga, Avenida Arroyo de los \u00c1ngeles S\/N, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ba\u00f1os C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga, Avenida Arroyo de los \u00c1ngeles S\/N, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7286-8656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas S.","family":"Jimenez Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga, Avenida Arroyo de los \u00c1ngeles S\/N, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Maternal-Foetal Medicine Epigenetics Women\u2019s Diseases and Reproductive Health, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Malaga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-6053(05)80021-3","article-title":"Monodermal teratomas","volume":"2","author":"Clement","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Struma ovarii: Presentaci\u00f3n de 37 casos y actualizaci\u00f3n de la evidencia disponible","volume":"45","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Ginecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Monodermal teratomas (struma ovarii). Clinicopathological characteristics of 11 cases and literature review","volume":"32","author":"Mavrigiannaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gynaec. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3029","article-title":"Struma ovarii accompanied by mature cystic teratoma of the other ovary: A case report and literature review","volume":"9","author":"Qiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gore.2024.101541","article-title":"Malignant struma ovarii in pregnancy: A case report","volume":"56","author":"Kapoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.5858\/134.5.786","article-title":"Thyroid-Type Carcinoma of Struma Ovarii","volume":"134","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"573","article-title":"Manejo de las lesiones anexiales en el embarazo y actualizaci\u00f3n del abordaje laparosc\u00f3pico","volume":"86","author":"Cornejo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Chil. Obstet. Ginecol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumachi\u021ba-\u0218argu, G., Socolov, R., Balan, T.A., Gafi\u021banu, D., Akad, M., and Balan, R.A. (2024). Struma Ovarii during Pregnancy. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111172"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"199","article-title":"Struma ovarii complicating pregnancy. Case report and literature review","volume":"40","author":"Pepe","year":"2019","journal-title":"G. Chir."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2025, March 20). Struma Ovarii\u2014UpToDate. Available online: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/struma-ovarii."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.11.1291","article-title":"Adnexal masses during pregnancy: Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis","volume":"228","author":"Cathcart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.014","article-title":"Risk analysis of torsion and malignancy for adnexal masses during pregnancy","volume":"91","author":"Yen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"QC09","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Suspicious Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy- A Retrospective Study","volume":"16","author":"Sukumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000048","article-title":"Management of the adnexal mass in pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Goh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000909","article-title":"Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy","volume":"76","author":"Kuller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Surv."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-05039-y","article-title":"Laparoscopy versus open surgery for adnexal masses in pregnancy: A meta-analytic review","volume":"299","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"187","article-title":"Tumoraciones anexiales en el embarazo, parto y puerperio","volume":"39","author":"Rivera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Ginecol. Obstet."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/8\/1328\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:32:33Z","timestamp":1760034753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/8\/1328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["life15081328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15081328","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]}}}