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Methods: These are secondary exploratory analyses from a previous study that included 16 patients with CKD (stages 3 to 5). The patients were divided into two groups: the Sulforaphane (SFN) group (400 mcg\/day of SFN) and the placebo group, both of which received treatment for four weeks. Fecal DNA extraction was performed, and amplicon sequencing was conducted on an Illumina MiSeq V3 platform. The sequence data were analyzed using the QIIME 2 software package. Plasma uremic toxin concentrations (indoxyl sulfate, IS, and p-cresyl sulfate, pCS) were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results: No significant differences were observed in the gut microbiota alpha microbial richness and diversity after supplementation. However, supplementation with SFN altered the taxonomic composition and resulted in changes to the complexity of the microbial network. A distinct set of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) was observed post-supplementation with SFN, dominated by genera such as Megamonas, Sphingobium, Clostridia, and Hungatella, indicating a treatment-specific microbial signature. The placebo group showed significant increases in IS and pCS, whereas the SFN group presented non-significant changes. Conclusions: SFN supplementation for one month did not significantly alter microbial diversity or uremic toxin levels in non-dialysis CKD patients; however, it led to changes in microbial composition and network complexity, suggesting a modulatory effect on specific microbial interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15091393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T14:16:55Z","timestamp":1756822615000},"page":"1393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Remodeling of Gut Microbial Networks After Sulforaphane Supplementation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marcia","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences\u2014Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Ann","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24033-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Salve","family":"Coutinho-Wolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences\u2014Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8507-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila F. M. F.","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24033-900, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24033-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24033-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8147-4659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fania","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9647-6350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia S.","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eduarda S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7889-2748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Kussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8850-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24033-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Mafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences\u2014Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24033-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"105","author":"Stevens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686","article-title":"Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiological Insights and Therapeutic Options","volume":"143","author":"Jankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rysz, J., Franczyk, B., \u0141awi\u0144ski, J., Olszewski, R., Cia\u0142kowska-Rysz, A., and Gluba-Brz\u00f3zka, A. 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