{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:49:13Z","timestamp":1790790553694,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union-NextGenerationEU","award":["BG-RRP-2.004-0004-C01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP-2.004-0004-C01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrinopathy, but its interrelations with arterial hypertension (AH) are still debatable. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the risk factors for hypertension in a large group of well-phenotyped women with PCOS. Methods: The data of 1047 Bulgarian PCOS patients diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria in the period 2005\u20132022 were studied retrospectively. The risk factors for hypertension were estimated in the PCOS women with different phenotypes. Results: The prevalence of AH was 17.6% among the PCOS women, with 4.2% of them being on antihypertensive treatment. The AH prevalence was increased in women with the \u201cclassic\u201d phenotype compared to others (18.9% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.037). The most important risk factors associated with hypertension were the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), obesity, family history of AH, and age \u2265 30 years (p &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) but not impaired fasting glucose was also related to the development of AH. Conclusions: The leading independent factors associated with hypertension in PCOS patients are the presence of DMT2, IGT, obesity, family history of hypertension, and age, but not the degree of hyperandrogenism. Population-based studies, including distinct ethnic groups, are needed to reveal the pathophysiology and the optimal clinical management of AH in PCOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15091416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T08:40:15Z","timestamp":1757407215000},"page":"1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk Factors for Hypertension in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Evidence from a Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4007-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralitsa","family":"Robeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atanaska","family":"Elenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6535-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgi","family":"Kirilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7652-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krassimir","family":"Kalinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Affairs, Medical Center \u201cComac-Medical\u201d, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Zacharieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teede, H., Deeks, A., and Moran, L. (2010). Polycystic ovary syndrome: A complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. 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Metab."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/9\/1416\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:42:18Z","timestamp":1760035338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/9\/1416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["life15091416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15091416","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]}}}