{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:45:11Z","timestamp":1760060711296,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN67038","604\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN67038","604\/2565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kidney Foundation of Thailand","award":["IN67038","604\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN67038","604\/2565"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Expanded hemodialysis using medium cut-off (MCO) dialyzers effectively removes middle-molecule uremic toxins, comparable to hemodiafiltration, but their single-use designation increases the dialysis costs. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of reusing two MCO dialyzers available in Thailand. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, hemodialysis patients were assigned to receive treatment with either Theranova\u00ae 500 or Elisio\u00ae 21HX dialyzers. Each dialyzer was reprocessed using peracetic acid and reused for up to 15 sessions. Dialyzer performance was assessed by the reduction ratios (RRs) of solutes, including \u03b22-microglobulin (\u03b22-MG), kappa and lambda free light chains (\u03ba-FLC, \u03bb-FLC), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), at baseline and the 2nd, 5th, 10th, and 15th sessions. Results: Forty-eight patients were enrolled (mean age 63.6 \u00b1 13.7 years; 62.5% male) and randomized into 2 groups with comparable baseline characteristics. RRs for \u03b22-MG, \u03ba-FLC, and \u03bb-FLC were similar between the groups and declined modestly over time after dialyzer reused (\u03b22-MG: 78.2% to 72.5% vs. 77.2% to 74.5%, \u03ba-FLC: 64.6% to 51.3% vs. 58.9% to 49.5%, and \u03bb-FLC: 51.2% to 46.4% vs. 49.4% to 39.2% in the Theranova\u00ae 500 and Elisio\u00ae 21HX groups, respectively). Theranova\u00ae 500 demonstrated significantly higher IL-6 clearance in the 2nd (29.9% vs. 16.0%; p = 0.018) and 5th (23.8% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.031) sessions. It also showed a non-significant trend toward lower dialyzer survival (HR 3.98; p = 0.085) and higher, though clinically acceptable, albumin loss (mean difference 0.56 g\/session; p &lt; 0.001), which decreased with reuse. Conclusions: Both MCO dialyzers demonstrated comparable overall performance during reuse. Theranova\u00ae 500 provided better IL-6 clearance with manageable albumin loss. Implementation of high-quality dialyzer reuse protocols may optimize clinical efficacy and patient outcomes while balancing cost, accessibility, and environmental considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15091468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T14:45:46Z","timestamp":1758206746000},"page":"1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Efficacy of Reused Medium Cut-Off Dialyzers on Uremic Toxin and Cytokine Clearance: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3721-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eakalak","family":"Lukkanalikitkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Kidney Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nichnan","family":"Jirayuphat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirirat","family":"Anutrakulchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii28","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy174","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients","volume":"33","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol. 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