{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:21:57Z","timestamp":1788304917810,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Institutes of Science and Technology Program","award":["465536\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465536\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"the National Institutes of Science and Technology Program","award":["310187\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310187\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"the National Institutes of Science and Technology Program","award":["306633\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306633\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"the National Institutes of Science and Technology Program","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["465536\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465536\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["310187\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310187\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["306633\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306633\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["465536\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465536\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["310187\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310187\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["306633\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306633\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health challenge, intensifying the urgency of discovering novel antibiotics. Actinomycetota species, the most prolific source of clinical antibiotics, remain underexplored in unique ecosystems. In this study, we isolated 340 Actinomycetota strains from soils of the Brazilian semiarid Caatinga biome. Screening revealed that 122 isolates (35.9%) exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans). Notably, 19 isolates showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. MALDI-TOF MS analysis successfully provided genus-level identification for a subset of isolates, with approximately 32% assigned to the Streptomyces genus. However, the limited resolution of the database for the majority of the strains indicates high phylogenetic diversity and suggests the presence of potentially novel species. Metabolomic profiling via LC-MS\/MS and GNPS molecular networking suggested the production of known antibiotics such as actinomycins, cyclomarins and anthracyclines and unveiled distinct molecular families putatively assigned to undescribed metabolites. Our work establishes the Caatinga biome as a valuable reservoir of bioactive Actinomycetota, encoding both known and potentially novel antimicrobial compounds. These results underscore the potential of underexplored and extreme environments in the quest to overcome antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15101494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T10:27:53Z","timestamp":1758623273000},"page":"1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Brazilian Caatinga Biome as a Hotspot for the Isolation of Antibiotic-Producing Actinomycetota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sayoane Pessoa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Estadual da Para\u00edba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Layse C\u00e2mara","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Estadual da Para\u00edba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrielly Silva Albuquerque","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5620-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Silva","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niter\u00f3i 24020-007, RJ, 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