{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T01:47:04Z","timestamp":1778809624913,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sidra Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and Graves\u2019 disease represent major endocrine challenges worldwide, often requiring long-term management. Recently, nutritional supplementation with selenium and myo-inositol has been proposed as a supportive strategy. This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding their efficacy in improving thyroid function, reducing thyroid autoantibodies in Hashimoto\u2019s disease, and restoring biochemical euthyroidism in Graves\u2019 disease. Methods: A narrative review of the available literature was undertaken, concentrating on randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating selenium and myo-inositol, alone or in combination (MYO+Se), in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders and benign thyroid nodules. Search Strategy and Study Selection: We searched MEDLINE\/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus from inception to 31 July 2025. The search used Boolean operators to combine the following keywords: (\u201cselenium\u201d OR \u201cselenomethionine\u201d) AND (\u201cmyo-inositol\u201d OR \u201cinositol\u201d) AND (thyroid OR Hashimoto* OR Graves\u2019 OR hyperthyroid* OR hypothyroid* OR nodule* OR goiter OR orbitopathy). We included human studies in English. Inclusion criteria: Research designs include RCTs, quasi-experimental studies, cohort\/case-control studies, and big case series (n \u2265 30). Exclusion criteria: Animal-only or in vitro studies (unless mechanistic), pediatric case reports, and editorials\/commentaries. Study selection and data extraction: Two reviewers screened independently; discrepancies were settled through consensus. The data retrieved included the population, baseline iodine\/selenium status (if reported), dose\/formulation, treatment duration, outcomes (TSH, FT4, FT3, TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb, nodule metrics), and adverse events. Quality assessment: The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB-2 for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or JBI checklists for observational studies. A qualitative synthesis emphasized study quality, consistency, directness, and accuracy. Results: Clinical research indicate that selenium supplementation may reduce thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels in Hashimoto\u2019s disease, thereby attenuating autoimmune activity. Myo-inositol, particularly when combined with selenium, has been proven to improve thyroid hormone profiles while also lowering nodule size or growth. In Graves\u2019 disease, supplementation has been linked to the restoration of biochemical euthyroidism in certain patients, albeit data are limited. Despite these encouraging results, diversity in trial design, treatment length, and dosages restrict the robustness of existing recommendations. Conclusions: Selenium and myo-inositol supplementation have shown promise as adjuvant treatments for autoimmune thyroid diseases and benign thyroid nodules. However, further large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are needed to determine the appropriate dosages, treatment duration, and patient selection criteria. Personalized supplementation solutions may improve medication efficacy and help with more comprehensive thyroid disease care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15101500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:19:45Z","timestamp":1758701985000},"page":"1500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential: Selenium and Myo-Inositol Supplementation in Thyroid Disorders\u2014Efficacy and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chinnu George","family":"Samuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Office, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0438-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parul","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5956-2751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"13035","article-title":"Knowledge of Thyroid Disease Manifestations and Risk Factors Among Residents of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Alyahya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.08.005","article-title":"Severe selenium deficits in pregnant women irrespective of autoimmune thyroid disease in an area with marginal selenium intake","volume":"44","author":"Ambroziak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Armstrong, M., Asuka, E., and Fingeret, A. (2023). 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