{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:29:28Z","timestamp":1778210968010,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although telomere length maintenance is a common characteristic of hematological malignancies, the role of telomere length as a prognostic factor to stratify acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients depending on their risk of relapse remains elusive. Methods: This knowledge gap motivated us to examine telomere length values in children with ALL at the time of diagnosis and after treatment using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (n = 35). To achieve high-resolution precision and cell specificity, a quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (qFISH) technique was developed (n = 5). Results: The results demonstrated statistically significant evidence of telomere shortening in the lymphoblasts of children with ALL but not in the lymphocytes of children after remission following treatment. Our findings also suggested a significant association between telomere shortening and a high risk of relapse disease. Last but not least, our preliminary results showed a trend that telomere shortening was more pronounced in children with B-ALL compared to those with T-ALL in a non-significant manner. Conclusions: Consequently, the current study provides preliminary insights into the potentially substantial prognostic value of telomere length in the progression of pediatric ALL, with the possibility of predicting treatment response. To clarify the application of telomere length as a possible biomarker for disease progression and treatment response in children with ALL, the telomere length values of additional participants need to be examined in further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15101537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:58:13Z","timestamp":1759305493000},"page":"1537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insights into the Prognostic Value of Telomere Length in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Vakonaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"MSc Program \u201cHematology-Oncology of Childhood and Adolescence\u201d, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iordanis","family":"Pelagiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Program \u201cHematology-Oncology of Childhood and Adolescence\u201d, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplanta-tion Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion and Laboratory of Blood Diseases and Childhood Cancer Bi-ology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Baliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manolis N.","family":"Tzatzarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Alegakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Lygerou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Program \u201cHematology-Oncology of Childhood and Adolescence\u201d, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplanta-tion Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion and Laboratory of Blood Diseases and Childhood Cancer Bi-ology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Persefoni","family":"Fragkiadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stratigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplanta-tion Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion and Laboratory of Blood Diseases and Childhood Cancer Bi-ology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Katzilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Program \u201cHematology-Oncology of Childhood and Adolescence\u201d, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplanta-tion Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion and Laboratory of Blood Diseases and Childhood Cancer Bi-ology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristidis","family":"Tsatsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Universidad Ecotec, Km. 13.5 Samborond\u00f3n, Samborond\u00f3n EC092302, Ecuador"},{"name":"Sechenov IM First State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eftichia","family":"Stiakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Program \u201cHematology-Oncology of Childhood and Adolescence\u201d, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplanta-tion Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion and Laboratory of Blood Diseases and Childhood Cancer Bi-ology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-00842-x","article-title":"Telomere Dysfunction in Ageing and Age-Related 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