{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:13:53Z","timestamp":1789578833659,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Serous papillary adenofibroma cyst (SPAC) of the ovary is a rare benign epithelial tumor that can mimic borderline or malignant ovarian neoplasms. Reports in young women are particularly scarce. Purpose: The aim of this study is to present a rare clinical case of ovarian SPAC in a young woman and to review the existing literature, highlighting diagnostic challenges and implications for fertility-preserving management. Methods: We present a clinical case of ovarian SPAC in a 41-year-old woman and conducted a narrative literature review. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify reports published between 2000 and 2025. Additional relevant articles were also identified through manual screening of reference lists from selected papers. Results: MRI revealed a well-encapsulated septated cystic lesion with solid nodular components and post-contrast enhancement. Tumor markers, including CA 19-9, were elevated. Laparoscopic surgery with intraoperative frozen section confirmed the diagnosis of SPAC, allowing fertility-preserving management. Histopathology established the final diagnosis. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the importance of considering SPAC in the differential diagnosis of complex adnexal masses. Early recognition and intraoperative frozen section can guide conservative surgical strategies, avoiding overtreatment and preserving reproductive potential in young patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15101601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T13:41:29Z","timestamp":1760449289000},"page":"1601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Serous Papillary Adenofibroma Cyst of the Ovary in a Young Woman: Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5822-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren\u021biu Augustus","family":"Barbu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Railway Clinical Hospital Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8232-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Cercelaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology and Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeriu","family":"\u0218urlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelian-Stefani\u021b\u0103","family":"Mogoant\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiberiu Stef\u0103ni\u021b\u0103","family":"\u021aenea Cojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Railway Clinical Hospital Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolae-Drago\u0219","family":"M\u0103rg\u0103ritescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"\u021aenea Cojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"C\u0103luianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Railway Clinical Hospital Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Florin R\u0103zvan","family":"Mogo\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Railway Clinical Hospital Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7018-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liviu","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Large Serous Cystadenoma in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report","volume":"7","author":"Bhadoria","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. South Asian Fed. Menopause Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20205800","article-title":"Benign papillary cystadenofibroma of fallopian tube presenting as posterior fornix cyst: Case report","volume":"10","author":"Narayanrao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Contracept. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20183815","article-title":"An unusual presentation of huge paraovarian cyst as papillary serous cyst adenofibroma: A rare case report","volume":"7","author":"Agrawal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Contracept. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"248","article-title":"Brenner tumor with serous cystadenoma\u2014An unusual combination: A case report","volume":"4","author":"Shanthi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Res. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5365","article-title":"Simple ultrasound-based rules for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer","volume":"31","author":"Timmerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-001-0155-7","article-title":"Color Doppler imaging and angiogenesis in ovarian tumors","volume":"36","author":"Hata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Electron. Microsc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20201375","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201375","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of ovarian masses and assessment of the extension of ovarian malignancy","volume":"94","author":"Moro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g5920","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5920","article-title":"Evaluating the risk of ovarian cancer before surgery using the ADNEX model to differentiate between benign, borderline, early and advanced stage invasive, and secondary metastatic tumours: Prospective multicentre diagnostic study","volume":"349","author":"Valentin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2020.e00219","article-title":"Borderline serous ovarian neoplasm: Case report of a diagnostic challenge in intraoperative frozen sections","volume":"27","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep. Women\u2019s Health."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000351","article-title":"Coexistence of a huge Brenner\u2019s tumour and mucinous cystadenoma in a 62-year-old female: A case report from Syria","volume":"85","author":"Zahlout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.18632\/oncoscience.616","article-title":"Cystadenofibroma and contralateral collision lesions: A unique ovarian case report","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncoscience"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbu, L.A., M\u0103rg\u0103ritescu, N.-D., Cercelaru, L., V\u00eelcea, I.-D., \u0218urlin, V., Mogoant\u0103, S.-S., Mogos, G.F.R., \u021aenea Cojan, T.S., and Vasile, L. (2025). Mesenteric Cysts as Rare Causes of Acute Abdominal Masses: Diagnostic Challenges and Surgical Insights from a Literature Review. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14144888"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbu, L.A., Cercelaru, L., V\u00eelcea, I.-D., \u0218urlin, V., Mogoant\u0103, S.-S., \u021aenea Cojan, T.S., M\u0103rg\u0103ritescu, N.-D., Popescu, M., Mogo\u0219, G.F.R., and Vasile, L. (2025). Coexistence of Acute Appendicitis and Mesenteric Cystic Lymphatic Malformation in an Adult: A Case Report and Narrative Review of Intraoperative Management Strategies. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15091390"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.66.1.03","article-title":"Endometrioid adenofibroma of ovary\u2014A literature review","volume":"66","author":"Barbu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbu, L.A., Vasile, L., Cercelaru, L., \u0218urlin, V., Mogoant\u0103, S.-S., Mogo\u0219, G.F.R., \u021aenea Cojan, T.S., M\u0103rg\u0103ritescu, N.-D., and Buliman, A. (2025). Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Retrospective Cohort of 364 Cases, Historical Comparison, and Updated Management Algorithm. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081320"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31010019","article-title":"Fertility Preservation in Cervical Cancer-Treatment Strategies and Indications","volume":"31","author":"Salman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000334","article-title":"The Many Faces of Serous Neoplasms and Related Lesions of the Female Pelvis: A Review","volume":"29","author":"Rashid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Anat. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melnyk, M., Starczewski, A., Nawrocka-Rutkowska, J., Gorzko, A., Melnyk, B., and Szyd\u0142owska, I. (2025). Giant Ovarian Tumors in Young Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges\u2014A Report of Two Cases and Narrative Review of the Recent Literature. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041236"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter, S.M., Dall, G.V., Doyle, M.A., Lupat, R., Li, J., Allan, P., Rowley, S.M., Bowtell, D., AOCS, and Campbell, I.G. (2020). Molecular comparison of pure ovarian fibroma with serous benign ovarian tumours. BMC Res. Notes, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05194-z"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2024.12.044","article-title":"Role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney: Case series and comprehensive review","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tjokroprawiro, B.A., Novitasari, K., Ulhaq, R.A., and Sulistya, H.A. (2024). Clinicopathological analysis of giant ovarian tumors. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. X, 22.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurox.2024.100318"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14912","article-title":"Do we more often opt for conservative management of ovarian tumors after changing the Dutch national guideline on enlarged ovaries? A nationwide cohort study","volume":"103","author":"Lems","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leelavathi, Roy, P., Sree, S.G., and Srirama, S. (2015). Ovarian serous cystadenofibroma\u2014A rare case report. Indian J. Obstet. Gynecol. Res., 2, 297\u2013299.","DOI":"10.5958\/2394-2754.2015.00033.8"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.73538","article-title":"Ovarian cystadenofibroma: A masquerader of malignancy","volume":"20","author":"Wasnik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Radiol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(94)90253-4","article-title":"Cystadenofibroma of the ovary in young women","volume":"54","author":"Groutz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluz, T., Bogaczyk, A., Wita-Pop\u00f3w, B., Haba\u0142o, P., and Kluz-Bar\u0142owska, M. (2023). Giant Ovarian Tumor. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101833"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"327","article-title":"Clinical factors and biomarkers in ovarian tumors development","volume":"49","author":"Vrabie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"361","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of benign ovarian tumors","volume":"4","author":"Winata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"183","article-title":"Serous papillary cystadenofibroma of ovary with extremely elevated CA 125\u2014A masquerader of malignancy: A case report","volume":"16","author":"Sivapragasam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. South Asian Fed. Menopause Soc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4496","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15018","article-title":"A case of ovarian serous cystadenofibroma with scattered lesions in pelvic cavity, like malignant disseminations","volume":"47","author":"Fujita","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-022-01321-x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings of cystic ovarian tumors: Major differential diagnoses in five types frequently encountered in daily clinical practice","volume":"40","author":"Ohya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"303","article-title":"Osseous metaplasia in borderline papillary serous cystadenofibroma of the ovary: A case report","volume":"19","author":"Aydin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pak. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpsurg.2025.101745","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness analysis of laparoscopic surgery for benign ovarian tumors: A comparative study of ovarian cystectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy","volume":"66","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.168865","article-title":"Serous papillary cystadenofibroma of the fallopian tube: A case report and short review of literature","volume":"58","author":"Khatib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.150419","article-title":"Serous adenofibroma of ovary: An eccentric presentation","volume":"11","author":"Shukla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7273","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2080","article-title":"A.; Huntsman, D.G.; Gorringe, K.L.; et al. Copy number aberrations in benign serous ovarian tumors: A case for reclassification?","volume":"17","author":"Hunter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"217","article-title":"Serous papillary cystadenofibroma of ovary: A rare case report","volume":"9","author":"Kumbhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"305","article-title":"The current state of molecular testing in the treatment of patients with solid tumors, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Goldberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.041","article-title":"Cancer biomarkers: Emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment","volume":"187","author":"Passaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2023-004355","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway in a Norwegian cohort of patients with suspected or advanced ovarian cancer","volume":"33","author":"Lindemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2020.74.73-76","article-title":"Papillary Cystadenofibroma of Fallopian Tube: Case Report with a Literature Review","volume":"74","author":"Hodzic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Arch."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"115","article-title":"Serous Surface Papillary Adenocarcinoma: A rare variant of serous carcinoma\u2014Report of two cases","volume":"2","author":"Laishram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22224","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6531","article-title":"The experiences of reproductive concerns in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13828","article-title":"Integrating clinical, molecular, proteomic and histopathological data within the tissue context: Tissunomics","volume":"75","author":"Cajal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molefi, T., Mabonga, L., Hull, R., Mwazha, A., Sebitloane, M., and Dlamini, Z. (2025). The Histomorphology to Molecular Transition: Exploring the Genomic Landscape of Poorly Differentiated Epithelial Endometrial Cancers. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14050382"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8023","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31120592","article-title":"Challenges in Implementing Comprehensive Precision Medicine Screening for Ovarian Cancer","volume":"31","author":"Moffitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinneen, K., and Arora, R. (2023). Molecular Testing in Ovarian Tumours: Challenges from the Pathologist\u2019s Perspective. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13122072"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011929","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-011929","article-title":"SITC vision: Opportunities for deeper understanding of mechanisms of anti-tumor activity, toxicity, and resistance to optimize cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Sullivan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715547","article-title":"Adnexal mass: Diagnosis and management","volume":"42","author":"Carvalho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A.Q., Touseeq, M., Rehman, S., Tahir, M., Ashfaq, M., Jaffar, E., and Abbasi, S.F. (2025). Advances in breast cancer diagnosis: A comprehensive review of imaging, biosensors, and emerging wearable technologies. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1587517"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20277","article-title":"Imaging in gynecological disease (16): Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of serous cystadenofibromas in adnexa","volume":"54","author":"Virgilio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.8.915","article-title":"Sonographic features of ovarian cystadenofibromas: Spectrum of findings","volume":"20","author":"Errasti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/10\/1601\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T06:43:39Z","timestamp":1760510619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/10\/1601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["life15101601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15101601","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]}}}